1. MATTER – ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME (TAKES UP SPACE)
Property of Matter
Tools
Units
Calculations
Mass – matter in an object
Triple Beam Balance
Grams (g)
Volume – space an object takes up
Ruler
Graduated Cylinder
Solids = cubic centimeters (cm3)
Liquids = milliliters (mL)
Regular Solid – ruler (l x w x h)
Irregular Solid – Displacement w/ graduated cylinder (new – original)
Weight – gravity pulling on an object
Spring Scale
Newtons (N)

2. Atoms Elements (pure) The building blocks of Matter
Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).
Elements (pure)
Consists of only one kind of atom (PURE)
Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means
Can exist as either atoms or molecules.
Images are from

4. ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS IN ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS = # OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMBINED NUCLEUS = CENTER THAT HOLDS PROTONS & NEUTRONS SHELLS = LAYERS OF ENERGY THAT HOLD DIFFERENT # OF ELECTRONS

6. How to Determine Parts of Atom???
Atomic # = Protons
Protons = Electrons
Neutrons = atomic mass – atomic #

9. Ions - atom or molecule with the # of electrons not equal to the # of protons (helps bond atoms) ANION CATION * Gains (-) = negative Loses (-) = positive

10. Molecules (pure)
A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.
In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms
(N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

11. Compounds (pure)
Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Animated images and notes from

12. Do you know the difference?

13. Mixtures (not pure) 2 Types:
They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
Can be separated physically.
2 Types:
1. Homogeneous 2. Heterogeneous * Solutions * Suspensions
* Colloids
Images are from

15. Homogeneous Uniform Distribution. 1 Visible Phase
Example: Sugar and Water
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16. Type of Homogeneous:
Solutions - groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
Solutions are made of Solutes & Solvents
Solute: substance to be dissolved (less)
Solvent: does the dissolving (more)

17. Making a Solution

18. Homogeneous Cont…
Colloids - Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .
Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

19. Heterogeneous The substances are not uniformly mixed.
2 or more visible phases
Example: Sand in a glass of water.

20. Heterogeneous Cont… that are visible to the naked eye.
Suspensions- Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts
that are visible to the naked eye.
Substances will settle over time.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

21. REVIEW:

22. cannot be easily separated can be separated by physical means
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
properties of atoms
properties
change
unchanged
separate substances
cannot be easily separated
can be separated by physical means
homogenous
or heterogeneous
does not apply
can be either homogenous or heterogeneous

23. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
What Determines the STATE OF MATTER????
* speed, strength and attraction of the particles
Close up view of atoms and their behavior
Animated images are from

24. SOLID – DEFINITE SHAPE & VOLUME. VERY CLOSE PARTICLES
SOLID – DEFINITE SHAPE & VOLUME * VERY CLOSE PARTICLES * MOVE TOGETHER FROM PLACE TO PLACE

25. LIQUID – DEFINITE VOLUME, NO DEFINITE SHAPE
LIQUID – DEFINITE VOLUME, NO DEFINITE SHAPE * FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK THROUGH EACH OTHER * SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER * TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

26. GAS – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME
GAS – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME * MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK APART IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS * SPREADS TO TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

27. PLASMA – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME W/ ELECTRICAL CHARGE
PLASMA – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME W/ ELECTRICAL CHARGE * BEHAVIOR DEPENDS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES * MOST MATTER IN UNIVERSE IS PLASMA
IONIZED GAS

28. GAS BEHAVIOR – SPEED RELATES TO TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE SAME -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME DECREASE TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME SAME TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE SAME & VOLUME INCREASE