1. Chapter 11: Cultures of East Asia

2. Section 3 - Japan and Korea
Main Idea
Geography and cultural borrowing from China shaped the early civilizations of Japan and Korea.
Objectives
What factors shaped early Japanese civilization?
How did foreign influences shape life in early Japan?
What characteristics defined Japan’s Heian period?
What were the main events in the history of early Korea?

3. I. Early Japanese Civilization
Japan – a 1500-mile archipelago east of Asia

4. The flag of modern Japan
I. Early Japanese Civilization
Japanese call their country Nippon, meaning “Land of the Rising Sun”
The flag of modern Japan

5. I. Early Japanese Civilization
Japan lies on the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis

7. I. Early Japanese Civilization
People never far from sea, turned to sea for food, transportation
Sea protected and isolated Japan – 100 miles from Korea, 400 from China

8. Ainu couple in their traditional dress
I. Early Japanese Civilization
Early people were hunters and gatherers; Ainu are oldest Japanese culture
Ainu couple in their traditional dress

9. Jomon period clay figurines
I. Early Japanese Civilization
Ainu driven onto northernmost island; new peoples organized into clans
Jomon period clay figurines
known as dogu
(ca. 14, B.C.E)
Storage jar, late Yayoi period (ca. 4th century B.C.–3rd century A.D.) ca. 100–200

10. Raijin - The god lightning, thunder, and storms
I. Early Japanese Civilization
Japanese belief in nature spirits, or kami, developed into the Shinto religion
 Raijin - The god lightning, thunder, and storms
Fujin –
the
Wind God

11. I. Early Japanese Civilization
Shinto - “way of the kami”:
Everything in nature has a kami,
No sacred text or formal structure
Shrines built to honor kami

12. I. Early Japanese Civilization
Sun goddess Amaterasu was a revered kami; first emperor of Yamato clan claimed to be her grandson

13. II. Foreign Influences on Japan
By mid-500s Japan had increased contact with Korea and China - cultural diffusion

14. II. Foreign Influences on Japan
Korean traders, travelers brought foreign influences, i.e. Chinese writing, Buddhism
 The kobuk-son: Korea's “Turtle Ship”

15. II. Foreign Influences on Japan
Prince Shotoku sent scholars to learn from Chinese
Prince Shotoku ( )
Japan’s regent from 593 to 622

16. II. Foreign Influences on Japan
Chinese religion, art, science, government, and fashion influenced Japanese society

17. III. The Heian Period
794 - Emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto); elegant court society developed

18. III. The Heian Period
Nobles called themselves “dwellers among the clouds”

19. III. The Heian Period
Rules of etiquette governed all aspects of court behavior and dress

20. III. The Heian Period
Culture flourished - Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote the world’s first novel, The Tale of Genji

21. III. The Heian Period
Women of the Heian court enjoyed writing and reading, especially Monogatari, or fictional prose

22. III. The Heian Period
Fujiwara family controlled Japan for most of Heian period
Nakatomi no Kamatari, was given the surname Fujiwara and became the founder of a family that was to dominate Japanese government for centuries to come.

23. IV. Korea
Korean Peninsula was settled by nomadic peoples from northeastern Asia

24. IV. Korea
Gojoseon (c BC) was the first Korean kingdom

25. IV. Korea
c. 108 B.C. Han China conquered Gojoseon and controlled Korea for 400 years

26. Celadon Pottery (Koryo period)
IV. Korea
About 670 the Silla united Korea for the first time, but were overthrown in 935 by the Koryo
Celadon Pottery (Koryo period)

27. Korean movable type from 1377
IV. Korea
Koreans improved printing methods by creating metal moveable type
Korean movable type from 1377

28. IV. Korea
Mongols of the Yuan dynasty invaded in the 1200s –demanded immense tributes and enslaved many Koreans

29. IV. Korea
Koreans rebelled as the Yuan weakened. In 1392, the Yi dynasty was established; lasted until 1910
General Yi Song Gye, Founder of the Yi (or Choson) Dynasty, which lasted from 1392 until 1910