1. Functional assessment of strains around a full-thickness and critical sized articular cartilage defect under compressive loading using MRI 
L. Zevenbergen, W. Gsell, D.D. Chan, J. Vander Sloten, U. Himmelreich, C.P. Neu, I. Jonkers 
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 
Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages (December 2018)
DOI: /j.joca
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
A) MRI protocols to assess the mechanical response and composition of intact and defect cartilage explants, presenting an 8 mm diameter full-thickness chondral defect. B) After approximately 500 cycles of pre-conditioning, DENSE imaging under cyclic compressive mechanical loading (≈1200 cycles) was performed. C) RARE images provided morphological assessment of cartilage geometry. MRI relaxation measures (T1, T2, and T1ρ) characterized the biochemical composition of the cartilage. DENSE measured 2D displacements and corresponding Green–Lagrange strain fields (ϵmax – first principal strain, ϵmin – second principal strain, and γmax – maximal in-plane shear strain).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
A) Anatomical reference scans (RARE), with indication of contact region between the two explants (gray box) and the transverse contact region (red box). B) The spatial data was mirrored along the center of cartilage-on-cartilage contact (intact group) or along the center of the defect (defect group). Adjacent to the axis of symmetry, transverse regions of 8 pixels for DENSE (938 μm) and 6 pixels for relaxometry (918 μm) were defined along the contact region. For the intact cartilage group, one transverse region adjacent to the axis of symmetry served as reference region (medial INT, lateral OINT). For the defect group, 3 transverse regions adjacent to the defect (D1–D3) were defined, whereas the opposing contact region was divided in 7 transverse regions; 4 opposing the defect without cartilage-on-cartilage contact (OD1–OD4) and 3 opposing the defect rim (OC1–OC3). Furthermore, three parallel layers of equal thickness were identified as function of cartilage depth; DZ, MZ, and SZ.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Magnitude of first (ϵmax) and second principal strains (ϵmin), maximal in-plane shear strain (γmax) and volumetric strain (ΔV/V0) (95th percentile) for transverse regions and tissue depths. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations. Significant differences, at 5% significance level, are indicated with an asterisk (*) for interactions between transverse region and depth, and a bullet (●) when no interaction effects are present. The forest plots ‘defect cartilage’ and ‘opposing cartilage’ show the difference in mean, 95% confidence intervals, and corresponding P-values between the intact transverse region and transverse defect regions, as well as between the deep, middle and superficial zones. The interaction effects and intercept for the LME models are presented in Supplementary material Fig. S6.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Orientation of the first (θϵmax) and second principal strains (θϵmin) and maximal in-plane shear strain (θγmax) at different transverse regions and tissue depths. Orientations are given based on a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system, the compressive load is applied along the Y-axis. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations. Significant differences, at 5% significance level, are indicated with a bullet (●). The forest plots ‘defect cartilage’ and ‘opposing cartilage’ show the difference in mean, 95% confidence intervals, and corresponding P-values between the intact transverse region and transverse defect regions, as well as between the deep, middle and superficial zones.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation times pre-loading at different transverse regions and tissue depths [Fig. 2(B)]. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations. Significant differences, at 5% significance level, are indicated with an asterisk (*) for interactions between transverse region and depth, and a bullet (●) when no interaction effects are present. The forest plots ‘defect cartilage’ and ‘opposing cartilage’ show the difference in mean, 95% confidence intervals, and corresponding P-values between the intact transverse region and transverse defect regions, as well as between the deep, middle and superficial zones. The interaction effects and intercept for the LME models are presented in Supplementary material Fig. S9.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation times post-loading at different transverse regions and tissue depths for the medial (defect) and lateral (opposing) cartilage explants. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations. Significant differences, at 5% significance level, are indicated with an asterisk (*) for interactions between transverse region and depth, and a bullet (●) when no interaction effects are present. The forest plots ‘defect cartilage’ and ‘opposing cartilage’ show the difference in mean, 95% confidence intervals, and corresponding P-values between the intact transverse region and transverse defect regions, as well as between the deep, middle and superficial zones. The interaction effects and intercept for the LME models are presented in Supplementary material Fig. S10.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions