1. Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe what ecosystems consist of. Do Now: 1
Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe what ecosystems consist of. Do Now: 1. Take out your Ecology Reading notes 2. Natural Selection ISA HW: Evolution and Plants Castle Learning – BOTH due on Tuesday Bring in your textbook!

2. Identify the common ancestor.
Ground finch
2. Identify the part of Natural Selection represented in the diagram. Support your answer.
Speciation. One species evolved into many species.
3. Does this diagram represent gradualism or punctuated equilibrium? Support your answer.
Gradualism – slow change over time.

3. Why is there a branching pattern in the circled region labeled X?
Changes in the environment caused some species to become extinct.
Different species evolved because of inbreeding
There were no new species evolving at this time.
Changes in the environment caused some different species to develop.

4. Identify the process occurring in this test tube.
photosynthesis
2. What do the bubbles of gas represent?
oxygen
3. What gas is being used by the elodea?
carbon dioxide
4. Identify the source of energy for this process.
sunlight
5. In which part of the plant will photosynthesis occur?
leaves
6. Why are all organisms dependent on plants?
They produce the glucose needed for respiration.

6. a. Ecology
Branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms and their surrounding environment

7. b. Ecosystem
Consists of all BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors in the environment

8. c. Abiotic Factors
NONLIVING factors in the environment

9. d. Biotic Factors
All LIVING organisms in the environment

12. 2. Identify two examples of ABIOTIC factors.
Temperature, different chemicals, rocks, fallen logs, H2O, sand

13. 3. Identify two examples of BIOTIC factor.
Plants or animals living in ecosystem

14. 4. Identify the term that describes many organisms from ONE SPECIES living in the same area.
Population

16. 5. Identify the term that describes DOFFERENT SPECIES living in the same area.
Community

18. 6. Identify the organisms that can produce their own food.
Producers
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis

19. A B C

20. 7. Identify the term that must eat because they cannot make their own food.
Consumers
Heterotrophs

21. 8. Identify consumers that only eat producers.
Herbivores

22. 9. Identify consumers that only eat other animals.
Carnivores

23. 10. Identify carnivores that hunt for their prey.
Predators

24. 11. Identify carnivores that eat dead organisms they find.
Scavengers

25. 12. Identify consumers that eat both producers and consumers.
Omnivores

26. 13. Identify consumers that break down dead organisms and return some of those nutrients back to the soil.
Decomposers

27. 14. Identify two examples of decomposers.
Bacteria
Fungi

29. 15. Describe a habitat.
The place where an organism lives

30. 16. Describe a niche.
The role of a species in its environment

31. Species grown together
Paramecium caudatum
Species grown together
Paramecium aurelia

32. 16. Describe a niche. The role of a species in its environment
Competition  when 2 species share the same niche

33. 17. Identify two examples of niches.
How a species obtains food
How it finds a mate
How it cares for its young
How it avoids danger

34. Cowrie snails live in coral reefs and sponges to hide
Cowrie snails live in coral reefs and sponges to hide. They only go out to find food at night, when it's dark. They are often eaten by each other and other sea snails. As Live Aquaria states, "While small, it will eat some algae and scavenge for scraps, but as an adult, it will eat some anemones, sponges, and soft corals."

35. In the diagram, many bird species live on the same tree. 1
In the diagram, many bird species live on the same tree. 1. Are they sharing the same habitat? YES 2. Are they sharing the same niche. Support your answer. No. They are coexisting so there is no competition.

36. Let’s summarize by identifying what is being described.
One species living in the same area.
The role an organism plays in its habitat.
Only eat producers.
Break down dead organisms.
Hunt for their food.
Organisms that consume both plants and animals.
Consists of biotic and abiotic factors.
Where an organism lives.
Produce their own food.
Many species living in the same area.
Feed off of organisms that have already been killed.
Population
Niche
Herbivores
Decomposers
Predators
Omnivores
Ecosystem
Habitat
Producers
Community
Scavengers

37. 1. Identify some biotic factors in the diagram.
Deer, trees, frog, duck, plants
2. Identify some biotic factors in the diagram.
Water, oxygen, soil
3. Identify what this diagram represents? Support your answer.
An ecosystem because it contains biotic and abiotic factors.

38. In a natural community, all the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment are known as 
(1.) pioneer organisms 
(2.) secondary consumers 
(3.) climatic limitations 
(4.) biotic factors

39. Which group can best be described as a population? 
(1.) all the honeybees in an orchard 
(2.) all the plants and animals in a forest 
(3.) the life in Earth's atmosphere 
(4.) the living and nonliving factors in a meadow

40. A certain plant requires moisture, O2, CO2, light, and minerals in order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on 
(1.) abiotic factors 
(2.) biotic factors 
(3.) carnivore-herbivore relationships 
(4.) symbiotic relationships

41. 1. The substance in green plants that captures the sun’s energy is _____.
2. The process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy is known as ____.
3. A process in which glucose is broken down to release energy is called ___.
4. The plant structure that absorbs water and minerals from the soil are _____.
5. The tissue found in stems and leaves that transport materials throughout the plant is called _______ tissue.
Chlorophyll
photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
roots
vascular

42. 1. The raw materials of photosynthesis are _____.
CO2 and and H2O
1. The raw materials of photosynthesis are _____.
2. The vascular tissue that transports water up from the roots to the leaves is _____.
3. Plants that use photosynthesis are ______.
4. The source of energy for photosynthesis is _____.
5. The vascular tissue that transport food throughout the plant is called _______.
6. The “chemical energy” produced during photosynthesis is _______.
7. The waste gas released by plants is ____.
8. In a plant, photosynthesis occurs in _____.
9. The wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are _________________.
xylem
autotrophs
sunlight
phloem
glucose
oxygen
leaves
red and blue

43. 1. Which letter represents a common ancestor for species C and E?
2. Which species are least likely to be vital parts of a present-day ecosystem? K
E and J

44. 3. Identify the species that have not become extinct.
4. Does this diagram represent gradualism or punctuated equilibrium?
A, B, C and D
Gradualism

45. 5. Identify a possible reason why species J became extinct.
It lacked variation and their was a large environmental change that it could not adapt to.