1. The Progressive Era
Time of social reform

2. Settlement House Movement
Jane Addams founded Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants
Created and provided programs, day-care, educational opportunities for immigrants

3. Muckraker
Nickname for an investigative journalist who exposed corruption or negligence

4. Upton Sinclair Wrote “The Jungle”
Meant to show the terrible working conditions of immigrant workers in the meatpacking industry
Instead, Americans read about how disgusting meatpacking factories were
Led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Meat Inspection Act

5. Ida Tarbell
Wrote 19 magazine articles exposing Standard Oil’s business practices called “The History of the Standard Oil Company”
Marked the beginning of investigative journalism
Motivated by her father’s business loss at the hands of Rockefeller
Showed how Rockefeller used his business methods to destroy independent oilmen to create an oil monopoly
Examined Rockefeller’s character in which she characterized him as “money mad.”
Led to the growing belief that the government should intervene in business and not allow monopolies
The U.S. Government eventually passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

6. Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives”
Used photographs to expose the terrible living conditions of NYC’s poor
Immigrant from Denmark, came to New York City in 1870 with $40
Forced to live in one of NYC’s cramped and disease-ridden tenements
His photos opened Americans’ eyes to the harsh realities of city slums
Led to the creation of housing codes, the rebuild of the city’s housing, and creation of sanitation departments

7. Jim Crow Laws Segregation
laws designed to keep African Americans from voting and participating in society
Created segregation
Segregation
separation between blacks and whites

8. Made segregation legal
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court case where the supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” was legal
Made segregation legal

9. Differing Ideas on Segregation
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Believed that as African Americans acquired work skills and started to contribute more to society, they would naturally gain more rights and respect and segregation would end on its own
Believed that African Americans had to use the legal system and courts to challenge laws that targeted blacks and allowed segregation

10. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Organization with the goal of ending segregation and protecting African Americans
Used the legal system and courts to challenge laws that targeted African Americans

11. Political Reform Initiative/Referendum
Allows citizens to introduce legislation or to directly vote on legislation recently passed by the state legislature
Recall
Allows voters to remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended
All of these allowed citizens to have more power in their state governments

12. Political Reform 17th Amendment- citizens directly vote for senators
Causes:
Senators originally elected by state legislatures
Political machines attempted to control state legislatures
Senators they chose became political puppets
Stalled appointments for months or years

13. Conservation Movement
Goal= Protect/conserve the environment
Theodore Roosevelt was one of the leaders of the movement
Led to the creation of National parks, animal preserves, bird sanctuaries, etc.