1. Planning and Control

2. Planning and Control

3. Formal Planning Process

4. What is the control process?
Controlling
The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results.
Has a positive and necessary role in the management process.
Ensures that the right things happen, in the right way, at the right time.
Organizational learning and after-action review.

5. if we don’t control, we simply have a nice objective, and put a lot of work into planning
without control, we will not achieve what we set out to do, unless we have perfectly motivated people

6. What is the control process?
Steps in the control process:
Step 1 — establish objectives and standards.
Step 2 — measure actual performance.
Step 3 — compare results with objectives and standards.
Step 4 — take corrective action as needed.

7. In Short
Set a plan
see how we do
compare
correct

8. What is the control process?
Step 1 — establishing objectives and standards
Output standards
Measure performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time.
Input standards
Measure effort in terms of amount of work expended in task performance.

9. what do we want to see as a result of what we are trying to do?
how much do we want to invest in what we are trying to do?

10. What is the control process?
Step 2 — measuring actual performance
Goal is accurate measurement of actual performance results and/or performance efforts.
Must identify significant differences between actual results and original plan.
Effective control requires measurement.

11. Goals need to be measurable
Specific targets need to be set, or the result can be disputed, or reformulated

12. What is the control process?
Step 3 — comparing results with objectives and standards
Need for action reflects the difference between desired performance and actual performance
Comparison methods:
Historical comparison
Relative comparison
Engineering comparison

13. What did we want to do?
What did we do?
Is there a difference? Which needs to be adjusted? Performance or Objectives?

14. What is the control process?
Step 4 — taking corrective action
Taking action when a discrepancy exists between desired and actual performance.
Management by exception
Giving attention to situations showing the greatest need for action.
Types of exceptions
Problem situation
Opportunity situation

15. The things that went right – we nod and carry on.
The things that did not – identify opportunities for improvement.

16. Corrective Action

17. If we pay attention to things before, during, and after, we can exercise a greater degree of control and more easily achieve our objectives.

18. What are the common organizational controls?
Management by Objectives (MBO)
A structured process of regular communication.
Supervisor/team leader and workers jointly set performance objectives.
Supervisor/team leader and workers jointly review results.

19. MBO Advantages
Strengths – Objectives are decided together so you have greater buy-in
Regular review of the main reason you are doing the task
Don’t get bogged down in ‘side’ distractions that suck up your time

20. What are the common organizational controls?
MBO involves a formal agreement specifying …
Workers’ performance objectives for a specific time period.
Plans through which performance objectives will be accomplished.
Standards for measuring accomplishment of performance objectives .
Procedures for reviewing performance results.

21. Important: Formal – write it down.
Establish HOW it will be done.
Establish WHAT will be measured.
Establish HOW that will be evaluated.

22. What does it look like?

23. What are the common organizational controls?
Employee discipline systems
Discipline is the act of influencing behavior through reprimand.
Discipline that is applied fairly, consistently, and systematically provides useful control.

24. What are the common organizational controls?
To be effective, reprimands should …
Be immediate.
Be directed toward actions, not personality.
Be consistently applied.
Be informative.
Occur in a supportive setting.
Support realistic rules.

25. What are the common organizational controls?
Employee discipline systems
Progressive discipline ties reprimands to the severity and frequency of the employee’s infractions.
Progressive discipline seeks to achieve compliance with the least extreme reprimand possible.

26. Planning & Control Assignment
You will need to split yourselves into groups of three.
These groups must be made while taking into consideration your strengths.
Use the spread sheet we created to make your groups.

27. Assignment
As a group, you will be constructing a bridge out of popsicle sticks. Your bridge can be designed however you want, so long as it fits into these parameters
Only uses popsicle sticks & glue from glue guns
Is free standing – cant be using any other material to support it
Spans a minimum distance of 6 inches.

28. Assignment Your bridge will be judged on 2 main qualities
1) Look: is it visually appealing, neat, clean, etc…
2) Strength: How much weight can your bridge take? Weight will be added in the middle of your bridge, the more weight yours takes before collapsing the better.
Look will be 40% of your points, Weight will be 60%.

29. Assignment
Along with your bridge itself, you will need to hand in the following
A document outlining the 4 step planning/control process, in the form of a business proposal.
Include any drawings or ideas your group generates
You are acting as the engineering company, and submitting plans to Mr. Stevens
Step 3 & 4 will be completed after testing has taken place.