1. Atomic Orbitals
Ken Rogers
Miami Killian

2. Electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels
Principal Energy Levels
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Etc.
Within these principal energy levels there are other energy levels called sublevels.
nucleus

3. s Principal Energy Level (n)
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 2 3 4

4. Type of Sublevel
# of orbitals
Maximum # of electrons
Shape of orbital s 1 2
spherical
An orbital is the path or pattern that a pair of electrons take as they orbit the nucleus.

5. 1s orbital
2s orbital

6. s 1 1 2 2 Principal Energy Level (n)
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 4

7. Principal Energy Levels
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Sublevels
1s2
2e-

8. s 1 1 2 2 s p Principal Energy Level (n)
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 2 3 4

9. s p 1 2 3 6 Type of Sublevel # of orbitals Maximum # of electrons
Shape of orbital s 1 2
spherical
dumbbell pg 103 p 3 6
An orbital is the path or pattern that a pair of electrons take as they orbit the nucleus.

10. pz px py x x y z z z

11. s 1 1 2 2 s p 1 2 4 8 3 6 Principal Energy Level (n)
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 4 8 2 3 6 3 4

12. Principal Energy Levels
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Sublevels
2s2
2p6
1s2
2e-
8e-

13. s 1 1 2 2 s p 1 2 4 8 3 6 s p d Principal Energy Level (n)
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 4 8 2 3 6 s p d 3 4

14. s p d 1 2 3 6 5 10 Type of Sublevel # of orbitals
Maximum # of electrons
Shape of orbital s 1 2
spherical
dumbbell pg 103 p 3 6
complicated pg 103 d 5 10

16. Principal Energy Level
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 4 8 2 3 6 s p d 1 2 3 9 6 18 3 5 10 4

17. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Sublevels 3s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 3p6 3d10 2e- 8e- 18e-
Principal Energy Levels
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Sublevels
3s2
2s2
2p6
1s2
3p6
3d10
2e-
8e-
18e-

18. Principal Energy Level
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 4 8 2 3 6 s p d 1 2 9 18 3 6 3 5 10 s p 4 d f

19. s p d f 1 2 3 6 5 10 7 14 Type of Sublevel # of orbitals
Maximum # of electrons
Shape of orbital s 1 2
spherical
dumbbell pg 103 p 3 6
complicated pg 103 d 5 10 f 7 14
complicated

21. Principal Energy Level
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 4 8 2 3 6 s p d 1 2 9 18 3 6 3 5 10 s 1 2 p 6 3 4 16 32 d 5 10 f 14 7

22. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Sublevels 3s2 4s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 3p6 4p6 3d10 4d10 4f14
Principal Energy Levels
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Sublevels
3s2
4s2
2s2
2p6
1s2
3p6
4p6
3d10
4d10
4f14
2e-
8e-
18e-
32e-

23. Principal Energy Level
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 8 4 2
There’s a mathematical relationship between the Principal Energy Level (n) and the number of orbitals it contains.
What is it? 3 6 s p d 1 2 3 18 6 9 3 5 10
n2 = # of orbitals s 1 2 p 6 3 4 16 32 d 5 10 f 14 7

24. Principal Energy Level
Type of Sublevels in Principal Energy Level
# of orbitals within Sublevel
# of orbitals within Principal Energy Level
# of electrons within each sublevel
# of electrons within Principal Energy Level s 1 1 2 2 1 s p 1 2 8 4 2
There’s a mathematical relationship between the Principal Energy Level (n) and the number of electrons it contains.
What is it? 3 6 s p d 1 2 3 18 6 9 3 5 10
2n2 = # of electrons s 1 2 p 6 3 4 16 32 d 5 10 f 14 7