1. 3.3 Animal Reproduction
gonad
testes
ovary
metamorphosis

2. Animal Reproductive Organs
3.3 Animal Reproduction
Animal Reproductive Organs
Gonads are specialized organs that produce sperm or eggs.
Testes are male gonads that contain a network of coiled tubes in which sperm cells form.
Ovaries are female gonads that produce egg cells.

3. Internal Fertilization
3.3 Animal Reproduction
Internal Fertilization
Internal fertilization happens inside the body of an organism.
Internal fertilization ensures that an embryo is protected and nourished until it leaves the female’s body.
Examples
Earthworms, spiders, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals

4. External Fertilization
3.3 Animal Reproduction
External Fertilization
External fertilization occurs in the environment, outside of an animal’s body.
Most animals that reproduce using external fertilization do not care for the eggs or young.
Examples
Jellyfishes, clams, sea urchins, sea stars, many fish species, and amphibians

5. External Embryo Development
3.3 Animal Reproduction
External Embryo Development
Animals whose embryos develop outside the mother are usually protected inside an egg.

6. 3.3 Animal Reproduction
Metamorphosis
A developmental process in which the form of the body changes as an animal grows from egg to adult

7. 3.3 Animal Reproduction
Internal Development
The embryos of some animals, including most mammals, develop inside the mother.
A tissue or organ transfers nourishment from the mother to the embryo.
Other embryos—some snakes, insects, and fishes—develop in an egg with a yolk inside the mother.

8. 3.3 Animal Reproduction
Gestation
Gestation is the length of time between fertilization and the birth of an animal.
Gestation varies by species and usually relates to the size of the animal at birth—smaller animals have shorter gestation.

9. Where are sperm formed in male animals? A eggs B ovaries C testis
3.3 Animal Reproduction A B C D
Where are sperm formed in male animals?
A eggs
B ovaries
C testis
D glands
Lesson 3 Review

10. How is the embryo in an egg nourished? A the outer covering
3.3 Animal Reproduction A B C D
How is the embryo in an egg nourished?
A the outer covering
B an organ transfers nourishment from the mother
C fluid produced in glands near the testes
D the yolk
Lesson 3 Review

11. D internal development
3.3 Animal Reproduction A B C D
What is the developmental process in which the form of the body changes as an animal grows from egg to adult?
A metamorphosis
B gestation
C fertilization
D internal development
Lesson 3 Review

12. End of Lesson 3

13. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction asexual reproduction fission budding
regeneration
cloning

14. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
The production of offspring by one parent without a sperm and an egg joining
Results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism

15. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
No time or energy expended finding a mate.
Less time to produce offspring
Parent and offspring are genetically identical—equally well-adapted to the same environmental conditions.

16. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
Lack of genetic variation.
Harmful mutations in the cells of an organism will be passed to offspring

17. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by cell division that does not involve mitosis.
Eukaryotes reproduce asexually by mitosis and cell division.

18. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Fission
Bacteria reproduce by a process called fission which produces two genetically identical cells very rapidly.

19. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Mitotic Cell Division
Some single-celled eukaryotes reproduce by mitotic cell division—mitosis followed by cell division.
Produces two identical cells.
Each cell is an organism.

20. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Budding
Asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms on the parent organism
The new organism—a bud—forms by mitosis and cell division, and eventually separates from the parent
Example
Some single-cell (yeast) and multicellular eukaryotes (hydra)

21. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Plant Cuttings
If you cut a green stem from a houseplant and put it in water, roots and leaves can grow, producing a new plant.
Some plants propagate themselves asexually.
Examples
Strawberry plants and kalanchoe plants

22. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Animal Regeneration
Some animals have cells that can change into other cell types.
Regeneration is asexual reproduction that produces new animals from pieces of an animal’s body.
Regeneration is sometimes used to describe growth that replaces a missing part of an animal.

23. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
What is cloning?
Cloning refers to a method of asexual reproduction developed by scientists and performed in laboratories.
Cloning produces identical individuals from a cell or cells taken from a multicellular organism.

24. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Plant Cloning

25. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction
Animal Cloning
The first animal to be successfully cloned was a sheep named Dolly, in 1996

26. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction A B C D
What type of asexual reproduction involves reproduction by cell division only?
A fission
B budding
C regeneration
D cloning
Lesson 4 Review

27. A mitotic cell division B cloning C regeneration D budding
3.4 Asexual Reproduction A B C D
What type of asexual reproduction involves a new organism forming on the parent organism?
A mitotic cell division
B cloning
C regeneration
D budding
Lesson 4 Review

28. 3.4 Asexual Reproduction A B C D
What type of asexual reproduction involves producing a new animal from pieces of an animal’s body?
A plant cuttings
B cloning
C regeneration
D budding
Lesson 4 Review

29. End of Lesson 4

30. Chapter Resources Menu
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
Image Bank
Science Online
Virtual Lab
BrainPOP
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

31. A B C D
What is the name for the process of a sperm cell and an egg cell fusing together?
A sexual reproduction
B fertilization
C meiosis
D pollination
Chapter Assessment 1

32. What is one advantage of sexual reproduction? B C D
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
A produces many offspring
B offspring are genetically identical
C offspring have more genetic variation
D can produce offspring quickly
Chapter Assessment 2

33. Where are pollen grains formed? A anther B ovule C testes
D pollen tube
Chapter Assessment 3

34. What are animal reproductive organs called? A zygotes B gonads
C embryos
D buds
Chapter Assessment 4

35. What is not an advantage of asexual reproduction? B C D
What is not an advantage of asexual reproduction?
A organism does not have to spend time and energy finding a mate
B can produce a number of offspring faster than with sexual reproduction
C offspring have more genetic variation
D parent and offspring are equally well adapted to the same environmental conditions
Chapter Assessment 5

36. What type of organism can reproduce asexually by regeneration?
SCI 2.a A B C D
What type of organism can reproduce asexually by regeneration?
A human
B sea star
C bacterium
D yeast
CA Standards Practice 1

37. What flower structure becomes fruit surrounding the seed? A stamen
SCI 2.a A B C D
What flower structure becomes fruit surrounding the seed?
A stamen
B pollen tube
C ovary
D pistel
CA Standards Practice 2

38. A alternation of generations B asexual reproduction C metamorphosis
SCI 2.a A B C D
What term describes the development of a ladybug larva to an adult ladybug?
A alternation of generations
B asexual reproduction
C metamorphosis
D mitotic cell division
CA Standards Practice 3

39. What type of seed plant does not produce flowers? A seedless plants
SCI 2.a A B C D
What type of seed plant does not produce flowers?
A seedless plants
B gymnosperms
C angiosperms
D strawberry plants
CA Standards Practice 4

40. SCI 2.a A B C D
How many times does division of the nucleus and cytokinesis happen in meiosis?
A one
B two
C three
D four
CA Standards Practice 5

41. Meiosis and Fertilization
Concepts in Motion 1

42. Concepts in Motion 2

43. Image Bank

44. End of Resources