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Animal Behavior
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Responses Seen in lab Stimulus leads to change in direction
Taxis Kinesis Stimulus leads to change in direction Stimulus leads to change in speed
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Behaviors can be innate or learned
Completely genetically controlled Automatic from birth Some genetic predisposition But behavior is learned and developed
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Examples of innate behavior
Instinct Fixed Action Pattern Imprinting
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Instinct Inclination towards a behavior
E.g. newly hatched turtles walk towards ocean Human babies exhibit many instinctual reflexes
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Fixed Action Pattern Innate response to a particular stimulus
E.g. male stickleback fish have a red underbelly. They will attack anything they see with a red underbelly and ignore a male fish with no red stripe
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Imprinting Animal has innate ability to learn but only during a critical period E.g. ducks/geese imprint first thing they see as their mother E.g. birds learn bird song only during a brief period
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Examples of learned behavior
Habituation Associative learning Trial and error learning Observational learning Insight or critical thinking
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Habituation Begin ignoring repetitive stimuli
E.g. you don’t feel clothes after a while Allows you to focus on important stimuli
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Learn to relate two stimuli
Associative learning Learn to relate two stimuli E.g. Pavlov’s Dog
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Trial and Error Learning
Associate behavior with a stimulus E.g. operant conditioning Basis of punishment and reward systems
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Observational Learning
Pick up behaviors that you see Actually a fairly complex behavior
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Coming up with new ideas
Insight Coming up with new ideas Highest form of learning
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