1. Lipids

2. Lipids Are insoluble in water
Composed of many C-H bonds and very little oxygen
Examples:
Steroids
Cholesterol,
chlorophyll, sex hormones

3. Lipids Phospholipids Make up cell membranes Fats
Monomers: 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
Function in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning

4. 2 Types of Fats Saturated fats Are solids at room temperature
Ex. butter, lard
Unsaturated fats
Are liquids at room temperature
Ex. oils

5. Nucleic Acids

6. Nucleic Acids
Are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
Store information in the form of a code
Made of long chains of nucleotides
Examples:
DNA – carries genetic instructions
RNA – synthesizes(makes) proteins

7. Testing for Organic Compounds

8. Lipids Paper bag or paper towel test
Add sample to a dry paper bag/towel
If lipids are present, a grease spot will remain when paper has dried
If lipids are absent, the paper will just be dry

9. Proteins Biuret test Add a few drops and swirl
If protein is present, sample will be lavender
If protein is absent, sample will remain light blue

10. Carbohydrates - Sugars
Benedict test
Add a few drops and heat for 5 minutes in water bath

11. Carbohydrates - Sugars
If sugar is present, sample will turn green, yellow, orange, or red
If sugar is absent, sample will remain aqua blue

12. Carbohydrates - Starches
Iodine test
Add a few drops and swirl
If starch is present, sample will turn dark blue or black
If starch is absent, sample will remain dark yellow or orange