1. Topic 5

2. What are some reasons that cells typically divide?
Growth
Repair/replacement
to reproduce

3. Circle one: The longest phase of the cell cycle is INTERPHASE / M phase

4. G1 is about cell __growth__.

5. How does a duplicated strand of DNA end up being identical to the original strand?
In DNA replication one strand serves as a template for a new strand to be made, resulting in two DNA strands each with one old and one new strand.

6. The last stage of Interphase is G2.

7. In mitosis, the goal is to get cells that are genetically __identical __That is, we want to go 2N2N.

8. Match the following Mitosis stages to what happens
C--Prophase a. Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell
D---Metaphase b. Nucleus reforms, DNA loosens, last stage
A---Anaphase c. DNA condenses; nuclear breaks down
B--Telophase d. Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

9. What is the difference between plant and animal cytokinesis?
In cells without walls (animal
cells ), it is accomplished by
pinching of the cell. In plant
cells, the wall prevents
pinching; instead a new cell
wall forms.

10. What does meiosis do to the number of chromosomes?
Reduces the number of chromosomes by half, diploid cells become haploid

11. Meiosis goes from 2N N, or from diploid  haploid.

12. What is crossing over?
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces of their chromatids

13. When does crossing over happen?
Prophase I

14. Topic 6

15. A Organism with two different alleles for the same trait
__J___ Dominant allele
__I___ F1 generation
__K___ F2 generation
__B___ Genotype
__H___ Gregor Mendel
__A___ Heterozygous
__E___ Homozygous
__C___ P generation
__D___ Phenotype
__F___ Punnett Square
__G___ Recessive allele
A Organism with two different alleles for the same trait
Genetic makeup
Parental generation
Physical characteristics
Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Tool that can predict and compare genetic variation
Allele that can be masked
Priest who worked with garden peas
First offspring generation
Allele that can mask other alleles
Second offspring generation

16. A monohybrid cross looks at ___1___ trait, while a dihybrid cross looks at __2__ traits at the same time.

17. What is Mendel’s idea of
Dominance? the dominant trait is expressed if at least one dominant allele present
Segregation? in meiosis, 2 alleles separate so that each gamete receives only one form of the gene
Independent Assortment? each trait is inherited independently of other traits

18. When the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele, it is called _Incomplete__ dominance.
What are two examples? Pink flowers from red and white flowers crossing; purple feathers from red and blue crossing

19. When both alleles show up together (one is not really dominant over the other), it is called__codominance______. What are two examples? Speckled chickens and striped flowers

20. Sex-linked traits are those found on the _____X______ chromosome, and show up more in (circle one) males / females