1. SHAYS' REBELLION
AND THE NORTHWEST
TERRITORY

2. The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War
******The next 26 slides are historical events after the revolution that influenced the the delegates to come up with a new Constitution for a growing country.
The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War
Now had to decide how to divide it up into existing states or new ones

3. NORTHWESTERRITORY

4. The Northwest Territory was surveyed into organized sections
a TOWNSHIP was a 36 square mile area

5. TOWNSHIP
6 miles
6 miles

6. 1 TOWNSHIP = 36 SQUARE MILES
Section #16 was usually reserved for the public school of the township

7. The _____________________________ (1787) described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed. As the territory grew in population, it would gain the rights to self-government. When there were ______ free males in an area, men who owned at least _______ acres of land could elect an assembly. When they were _________ people, they could apply to become a new state.
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
5,000 50
60,000

8. NORTHWEST TERRITORY

10. Minnesota
Michigan
Wisconsin
Ohio
Illinois
Indiana

11. The organization of the Northwest Territory was important because it created an orderly plan to settle a new area of the United States

12. SHAYS' REBELLION
WHEN:
January of 1787

13. SHAYS' REBELLION
WHERE:
Massachusetts

14. SHAYS' REBELLION
WHY:
Farmers were upset about high taxes – if could not pay taxes they were put in jail

15. Every state was having economic trouble in the mid 1780’s
An average family paid $200 a year in taxes – more than most people made in a year

16. DANIEL SHAYS leads a rebellion of about 1,500 men, mostly farmers
They are upset about paying high taxes and they want debt relief from the government

17. Government does not help them
They gather and march on a federal arsenal – a storage place for weapons

18. About 900 state militia men stop the uprising
The general public sides with the farmers
Very close to having chaos because of taxes

19. SHAYS’ REBELLION

20. The uprising is stopped Shays is pardoned years later
SHAYS' REBELLION
RESULT:
The uprising is stopped
Shays is pardoned years later

21. SHAYS' REBELLION
LASTING EFFECT:
America realizes they need a stronger national government if they are to survive as a country.

23. THE
END

24. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
DELEGATES TO THE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

25. Government officials realized after Shays’ Rebellion that a change was needed
A convention of representatives from each state were called to Philadelphia in 1787

26. STATEHOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA
SITE OF THE CONVENTION

27. INSIDE OF STATEHOUSE (TODAY)
SITE OF THE CONVENTION

28. There were 74 men asked to come to Philadelphia but only 55 delegates arrived in Philadelphia

29. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

30. The average age of a delegate was 44 years old

31. BEN FRANKLIN (Pennsylvania) was the oldest at age 81
JONATHAN DAYTON (New Jersey) was the youngest at age 26

32. POLITICAL EXPERIENCE:
Most had some experience as politicians in their home states

33. 40 of the delegates had been members of the Continental Congress

34. PROFESSION:
34 of the 55 were lawyers
Also included soldiers, planters, educators, ministers, physicians, financiers, and merchants

35. Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves
ECONOMIC STATUS:
Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves

36. THE
END

37. CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION

38. A total of 12 states sent delegates to the convention
Rhode Island is the only state that refused to send any delegates

39. Delegates had to make a choice:
Fix the Articles of Confederation
2) Write a new form of government

40. The delegates decided to write a new plan of government
Challenge was to create a strong national government but one that was not overpowering

41. The Constitutional Convention was held in the summer of _________ in the city of _________________.
1787
PHILADELPHIA

42. CONSTITUTION HALL - PHILADELPHIA

43. NATIONAL ARCHIVES –
WASHINGTON DC
HOME OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
TODAY

45. There were ____ delegates at the Constitutional Convention.55

46. JAMES MADISON
_________________ read more than 100 books in preparation for the convention.

47. ______________________ and _______________ were not at the convention because they were overseas at the time.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
JOHN ADAMS

48. __________________ refused to attend the convention because he “smelled a rat” leading toward monarchy.
PATRICK HENRY

49. __________________________ came out of retirement for the convention.
GEORGE WASHINGTON

51. ________________ was a famous scientist and statesman, gave wit and wisdom to the convention.
BEN FRANKLIN

53. JAMES MADISON
_________________ is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and took detailed notes.

54. ______________________________ was chosen as president of the convention.
GEORGE
WASHINGTON

55. THE
END

56. FEDERALISTS VS
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

57. Once the Constitution is written it must go to the states for their approval
People will be able to vote for or against the Constitution

58. FEDERALISM – a system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government

59. Two groups begin to develop:
1) FEDERALISTS – want the Constitution to pass as is
YES!!

60. 2) ANTI-FEDERALISTS – do NOT want the Constitution to pass as is

61. FEDERALISTS
The Constitution is awesome! I think everyone should rush out and vote for it!

62. FEDERALISTS
1) Supported taking some powers from the states and giving them to the national government

63. 2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government
FEDERALISTS
2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government
EXECUTIVE
JUDICIAL
LEGISLATIVE

64. 3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch
FEDERALISTS
3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch

65. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
The Constitution is not worth the paper it is printed on! Where is the Bill of Rights?

66. 1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers

67. EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
2) Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch
EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)
LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS)

68. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
3) Feared a single person in the executive branch might become a king or tyrant

69. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
4) Believed a Bill of Rights need to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

70. Both sides published their viewpoints in newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

71. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS – a series of essays which supported the Federalists viewpoint (wanted the Constitution to pass)

72. The Federalists Papers were written by such men as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

73. Federalists had an advantage because most newspapers supported their cause

74. By June of 1788 a total of 9 states had ratified (passed) the Constitution
9 states were required to officially make it the legal form of government

75. Two very important states though, Virginia and New York, had not yet passed it and were needed

76. Two important Virginians, GEORGE MASON and PATRICK HENRY were against the Constitution

77. Virginia finally passes it once they are convinced it will soon add a Bill of Rights

78. New York passes it once they hear Virginia had
Rhode Island is the last state to officially ratify it in 1790

79. BILL OF RIGHTS – the first ten amendments to the Constitution
Insures personal rights to each U.S. citizen

80. COMPROMISES

81. COMPROMISE
noun - a settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions (gives in a little) to come to a result which solves a problem

82. 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE
3 MAJOR COMPROMISES:
1. GREAT COMPROMISE
2. 3/5 COMPROMISE
3. TRADE COMPROMISE

83. Major debate was over how to set up the legislative branch of government

84. It becomes a battle between smaller states and the ones with larger populationsVS

85. Several states submit plans for the type of legislature they want

86. 1) The legislative branch would have two houses
VIRGINIA PLAN
1) The legislative branch would have two houses
2) Both houses would assign representatives based on wealth/population

87. 1) The legislature would have one house
NEW JERSEY PLAN
1) The legislature would have one house
2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature

88. THE GREAT
COMPROMISE

89. The legislature would have two houses
GREAT COMPROMISE
The legislature would have two houses

90. SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal
GREAT COMPROMISE
SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal
= 2 senators
= 2 senators

91. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population
GREAT COMPROMISE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population
= 1 representative
(493,000 people)
= 52 representatives
(38,800,000 people)

92. CONGRESS SENATE (100) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435)
EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL NUMBER
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435)
BASED ON POPULATION SO NOT EQUAL FOR EVERY STATE

93. TOTAL NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM EACH STATE

94. THE GREAT COMPRISE VIRGINIA PLAN NEW JERSEY PLAN
2 houses for legislature
2) NUMBER of people in congress set by wealth and population
SENATE
Number of people BASED ON EQUALITY = EACH STATE HAS SAME NUMBER
GREAT COMPROMISE
THE LEGISLATURE WILL HAVE 2 HOUSES
NEW JERSEY PLAN
1) 1 house for legislature
2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature
Number of people BASED ON populations
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Unit 5 – Creating a Government – Page 4 of 10

95. Next major issue to be decided is slavery and if slaves should be counted as population

96. 3/5
COMPROMISE

97. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM:
should slaves be counted as population for taxes and/or to determine representatives in the legislature

98. NORTH WANTS:
Northern states want slaves to not be counted to determine representatives but to be counted for taxes X

99. SOUTH WANTS: X
Southern states want slaves to be counted to determine representatives but not for taxes

100. Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person
THE 3/5 COMPROMISE:
Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person
This is used for taxes and to set up the number of reps in Congress

101. Northern states agree to do nothing about slave trade until 1808
Southern states agree to allow national government to regulate trade

102. No state gets everything they wanted but they wrote a constitution they thought would work overall

103. THE
END

104. ELECTORAL COLLEGE

105. When you vote for the President you are actually voting for an ELECTOR to vote for you
Each state has a determined number of electors

106. A state’s number of electors is the total number of Senators and Representatives in the House
MISSOURI
2 senators
9 representatives
Total 11 electors

108. There are a total of 538 electoral votes
(the District of Columbia is not a state but is given 3 electoral votes)

109. 48 out of the 50 states have a “winner takes all” method
If you get the most votes in that state you get ALL of their electoral college votes

110. 2 states are different and can divide up their votes based on congressional district - Nebraska and Maine

111. A candidate must have 270 electoral votes to win the Presidential election

112. If no single candidate gets the required 270 electoral votes then the House of Representatives votes to decide the President

113. It is possible to get more votes overall in the election from the entire country and NOT be elected President
Happened in 2000 with Gore vs Bush

114. Total Votes in 2000 Election:
Bush 50,461,092 total votes
(47.9%)
271 Electoral Votes
Gore 50,994,086 total votes
(48.4%)
266 Electoral Votes
Nader 2,882,728 total votes
(2.7%)
0 Electoral College Votes

115. 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

118. 1984 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

119. END

120. 7 PRINCIPLES OF
THE CONSTITUTION

121. The framers used building blocks upon which to write the foundation of the Constitution

122. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY 1
A government in which the people rule

123. 2
REPUBLICANISM
A government in which the people vote for their political representatives

124. 3
FEDERALISM
A system of government in which the states and national government share powers =

125. SEPARATION OF POWERS 4
The government is divided into three branches: executive, judicial and legislative

126. CHECKS AND BALANCES 5
Each branch has certain controls over the other branches

127. LIMITED GOVERNMENT 6
Everyone in the government must follow the same rules – from average person to the President

128. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 7
Guarantees certain personal liberties and privileges to everyone

129. THE
END