1. From Prehistory to Civilizations
Dr. Afxendiou
Sachem North High School

2. 200,000 years ago – Homo erectus appears in Africa
hunters and gatherers
left Africa to populate Europe and Asia

3. 10,000 years ago – Homo sapiens

4. Changes from homo erectus to homo sapiens…
language
more complex stone tools
cave art
expanded habitats - migrated into the Americas

5. By 1,000 B.C.E. – huge changes become entrenched

6. So, what happened to get from…
HERE?
HERE
So, what happened to get from…

7. Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.
It was
the DOMESTICATION of…
and plants
animals
Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.
It resulted in the new ways of living we know as
FARMING or AGRICULTURE
And
PASTORALISM
(herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels)
This led to the development of…
FARMING COMMUNITIES

8. POPULATION
GROWTH
Because farming let people grow a lot of food, it led to
In some places farmers were able to produce SURPLUS food.
What does
SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION
mean for a society?

9. SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION…
…means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task.
This is called…
Job Specialization.
Men and women may become:
Weavers
Potters
Priests
Scribes
Traders
Warriors

10. STEPS LEADING TO THE RISE
OF CIVILIZATION
Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Surplus Food
Job Specialization
Population
Growth
Complex Society,
also known as
CIVILIZATION

11. There are EIGHT features of civilization:
1) Cities
Mohenjo Daro
Pharaohs
2) Central governments
And Law codes
Hammurabi’s
Law Code

12. 4) Highly organized religions
3) Writing and
record keeping
4) Highly organized religions
5) Specialized Jobs
Full-time monk

13. 6) Hierarchy of Social Classes
Assyrian slaves
In Egypt
6) Hierarchy of Social Classes
Pyramids of
Ancient Egypt
Art of
Ancient Babylon
7) Arts and Architecture

14. 8) Public Works The protective walls of a city in the
Indus River Valley

15. Remember: GO ROLLER SKATING WITH CHAP
G – strong central government
R – organized religion
S – job specialization
W – writing and record keeping
C – Cities
H – social hierarchy (social classes)
A – Arts and Architecture
P – Public Works

16. Is this an image of a civilization? Support your answer with evidence.