1. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Chapter 12:
Local Government
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

2. Chapter Links Section 1 “Types of Local Government” Section 2
“Local Government Services and Revenues”
Section 3
“Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments”
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

3. “Types of Local Government”
Section 1
“Types of Local Government”
Section Outline:
Counties and Townships
New England Towns
III. Special Districts
IV. Cities
Main Idea:
There are many varieties of local government. Certain governmental structures are ideal for small towns. Large city governments are organized in a different way.
Key Terms:
Board
Ordinances
Municipality
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

4. Counties and Townships
Colonial way of dividing land
County Seats (capital of county)
County Officials
Board: a group of people who manage the business of an organization
Ordinances: local laws
Townships
Handled business of rural areas outside of seat
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

5. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

6. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

7. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
New England Towns
New England Towns
Different form of government
Made up of a village and farmlands
Citizens took an active part local government
Town Meetings
The closest thing America has to a direct democracy
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

8. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Cities
Municipality
A government that serves people in an urban area.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

9. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

10. Civics: Government and Economics in ActionB C D A
Civics: Government and Economics in Action E

11. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
City Leaders
The Mayor-Council Plan
Weak-Mayor plan
Elected council holds legislative and executive power
Strong-Mayor plan
The mayor is an executive figure
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

12. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

13. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Cities (cont.)
The Council-Manager Plan
Plan where government is run like a business
Manager is “CEO” and free of political pressure
The Commission Plan
Voters chose several commissioners to direct the cities’ different departments.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

14. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Type of Gov’t
Definition
Possible Advantage
Possible Disadvantage
Weak-Mayor
Elected council holds legislative and executive power
Strong-Mayor
The mayor is an executive figure
Council-Manager
Plan where government is run like a business
Commission Plan
Voters chose several commissioners to direct the cities’ different departments.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

15. “Local Government Services and Revenue”
Section 2
“Local Government Services and Revenue”
Section Outline:
Education, Health, and Public Safety
Utilities
Land Use
Revenue: Paying for Services
Main Idea:
Local governments provide a wide variety of important everyday services. Several sources of revenue help pay for these services.
Key Terms:
Utilities
Zoning
Property Tax
Intergovernmental Revenue
Grant
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

16. Education, Health, and Public Safety
A very important and the most expensive aspect of local government
Health and Welfare
Programs designed to give assistance to those in need.
Public Safety
Police and Fire Department (Emergency Services)
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

17. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Utilities
Utilities
Services needed by the public, such as water, gas, and electricity.
Sewage treatment, garbage collection
Planning
Utilities are planned on the local level, where the needs of the people can best be met.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

18. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Land Use
Zoning
Local rules that divide a community into areas and tell how the land in each area can be used.
The Planning Process
There are many steps in developing land
Commissions look at requests and carefully and decide how land may be used.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

19. Revenue: Paying for Services
Taxes
About 25 percent of local government revenue comes from a property tax
Property Tax: a tax on land and building
Some communities employ a local sales tax
Service Charges and Profits
Borrowing
Sharing Revenue
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

20. “Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments”
Section 3
“Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments”
Section Outline:
Relations Between Local Government
Local and State Governments
Local, State, and Federal Governments
Main Idea:
Local governments work with other local governments, their state government, and the federal government to get things done. These working relationships involve both cooperation and conflict.
Key Terms:
Councils of Governments
Home Rule
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

21. Relations Between Local Government
Councils and Conferences
Groups that work together to meet the regional needs.
Conflict
There is often economic competition between local governments; especially for businesses.
Cooperation
Communities work together to provide services that would be too expensive otherwise.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

22. Local and State Governments
Home Rule
The right to write your own charter
Local citizens have always demanded a voice
Conflict
Sometimes the state government and local governments experience disagreements.
Cooperation
State and local governments also work together to solve problems.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

23. Local, State, and Federal Governments
Federal Funding
The federal government helps state and local governments through various funding programs.
Conflict and Cooperation
As is to be expected, there is sometimes conflict between local, state, and federal government; however there is also tremendous cooperation between all three.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action