1. HAZARDOUS WASTE

2. HAZARDOUS WASTE
Definition of Hazardous Waste
The term “hazardous waste” means a solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may –
cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness; or
pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed

3. generic characteristics of hazardous waste
Corrosivity
Aqueous with 2.0 ≥ pH ≥ 12.5
Liquid and corrodes steel at a rate of 6.35 mm or more per year as determined by a test from the National Association of Corrosion Engineers
Solids are not considered corrosive

4. Instability and readiness to undergo violent change
Reactivity
Instability and readiness to undergo violent change
Violent reactions when mixed with water
Formation of potentially explosive mixtures when mixed with water
Generation of toxic fumes in quantities sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment when mixed with water

5. Toxicity
Toxicity is a measure of the degree to which something is toxic or poisonous.
Waste is subjected to Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) involving extraction at pH 5 or 3 (basic solids)
Waste is considered a hazardous waste if any of the drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCL) are exceeded in the extract

6. incinerators
Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95-96 %, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator.

7. incinerators
Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by approximately 70% by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In many countries, simpler waste compaction is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

8. incinerators
Incineration has particularly strong benefits for the treatment of certain waste types in niche areas such as clinical wastes and certain hazardous wastes where pathogens and toxins can be destroyed by high temperatures. Examples include chemical multi-product plants with diverse toxic or very toxic wastewater streams, which cannot be routed to a conventional wastewater treatment plant.

9. incinerators
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

10. The overall recycling efficiency.
Component
Disposal Waste Composition, % by weight
Recycle Efficiency, % by weight
Specific Weight kg/m3
Misc. Organics 18 22
166
Mixed Paper 31 33 86
Glass 52
196
Plastics 13 14 65
Metal 10
320
Miscellaneous
100
Sum
100.0
The overall recycling efficiency.
The composition of the generated and recycled wastes
The volumetric reduction (%) in disposed wastes due to recycling
assume the total wastes component are 820 Kg.