1. Bell Ringer
Continue working on Chapter 5 Vocabulary in your notebook. (p. 178)

2. Bell Ringer 10-19-09 Refer to p. 150. What are valence electrons?
What do valence electrons determine?

3. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Chapter 5 Section 1
Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table

4. Valence electrons
Valence electrons are those e- on the outer most energy level.
The number of valence e- determines many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.

5. This is called the octet rule.
Happy Atoms
Atoms are the most happy, or stable, when they have 8 electrons in their outermost energy level.
This is called the octet rule.

6. Valence Electrons and Groups
The elements within a group have similar properties because they all have the same number of valence e- in their atoms.
Period = How many Energy Levels
Group = Number of Valence Electrons

7. Electron arrangement
The different positions for an electron in an atom are called energy levels. Each energy level represents a different amount of energy.
Energy level 1 can hold up to 2 e-.
Energy level 2 can hold up to 8 e-.
Energy level 3 can hold up to 18 e-.
Energy level 4 can hold up to 32 e-.

8. Group 1
Alkali metals
1 valence e-
+ 1 charge
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
2 valence e-
+ 2 charge
Group 13
Boron Fam.
3 valence e-
+3 charge
Group 14
Carbon Fa.
4 valence e-
+4/-4
Group 15
Nitrogen Fam.
5 valence e-
-3 charge
Group 16
Oxygen Fam
6 valence e-
-2 charge
Group 17
Halogens
7 valence e-
-1 charge
Group 18
Noble gases
8 valence e-
0 charge

9. Electron dot diagram
Includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots.
Each dot stands for one valence electron.