1. What causes the Central Powers to lose World War I?
The Allies Win the War
What causes the Central Powers to lose World War I?

2. The Russian Revolution
March 1917: revolution erupts in Russia over food & fuel shortages
Czar Nicholas II is forced to abdicates (step down) and is replaced by a Provisional Government, that will continue the war
October 1917: a second more violent revolution led Vladimir Lenin & the Communists overthrow the Provisional Govt.
Lenin ends war & signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, giving some land to Germany
Peace, Land & Bread!
With Russia out of war , Germany mobilizes all of its troops to the Western Front (Dec 1917)

3. Central Powers Collapse
March 1918: Germany reaches the Marne River again
140,000 fresh US troops counterattack the Germans in Second Battle of the Marne
As two million more American soldiers arrive, Allies push Germans out of France
Oct: Ottoman Empire surrenders, three Pashas flee country
Oct: Austria-Hungary surrenders (could not defeat Italians who joined war)
Hapsburgs overthrown (although Karl I refuses to abdicated throne)
Nov: German soldiers & the public turn against Kaiser Wilhelm II, he flees Germany,
New German Govt forms (Weimar Rep) & signs an armistice agreement (Nov 11th, 1918)

4. Read Allied & German reactions to the Armistice on page 421
Hapsburg Emperor Karl I
Enver, Tallat, Djemal Pasha
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Read Allied & German reactions to the Armistice on page 421
Who were the French thanking for victory?
How did the German’s feel about this event?
What is the main difference between these accounts?