1. All cells need chemical energy … These are diatoms (single-celled algae) that use photosynthesis to get energy and produce oxygen

2. All cells need chemical energy … These are diatoms (single-celled algae) that use photosynthesis to get energy and produce oxygen

3. 2. Identify energy sources used by organisms.
How is ATP important to cells?
2. Identify energy sources used by organisms.
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Hydrogen make up 96 % of human body mass 3

4. On notebook paper write notes for this section
Section 4-1 “ATP”
On notebook paper write notes for this section

5. Main Idea The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried out by ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule

6. - Lower energy molecule
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - transfers energy to cell processes
(Energy is coming from the breakdown of food molecules)   
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) - ATP changes to ADP when energy is released
- Lower energy molecule

7. How are ATP and ADP alike?
Both contain adenosine and phosphate groups.

8. ATP has three phosphate groups; ADP two.
2. How are they different?
ATP has three phosphate groups; ADP two.

9. The extra bond is a potential source of energy.
Why is this difference important?
The extra bond is a potential source of energy.

10. Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions.
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
phosphate removed

11. 6. Energy from breakdown of molecules 2.
phosphate removed
1. Phosphate added
3. Phosphate removed
6. Energy from breakdown of molecules
4. Energy released for cell function 5.

13. MAIN IDEA Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP
Foods that you eat do not contain ATP that your cells can use. First the food must be digested. Digestion breaks the food into smaller molecules that can be used to make ATP
The number of ATP molecules produced depends on the type of molecules that is broken down
Carbohydrates, lipids or proteins

14. Carbohydrates are the most commonly broken down to make ATP
not stored in large amounts
Lots of ATP from one glucose molecule
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2

15. Lipids are Fats store the most energy
80 percent of the energy in your body
Even more ATP from a triglyceride
Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.

16. What types of molecules are broken down to make ATP
What types of molecules are broken down to make ATP? Which are most often broken down to make ATP?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; lipids and carbohydrates are the main sources of ATP.

17. STILL USES ATP FOR ENERGY
MAIN IDEA A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy.
Chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy storing carbon-based molecules.
STILL USES ATP FOR ENERGY

18. Answer objectives from Section 4-1
1. How is ATP important to cells?
ATP carries chemical energy from food digestion that cells can use
2. Identify energy sources used by organisms.
Animals eat carbon-based molecules (food); plants use photosynthesis; some organisms use chemosynthesis … all make ATP
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Hydrogen make up 96 % of human body mass