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Early River Civilizations
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Bellwork If you could create a civilization, what type of things would you have or want? Share with a partner.
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Mesopotamia Nile Indus and Ganges Yellow and Yangtze Civilization Contributions Geography
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Neolithic Revolution The first agricultural revolution – the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement.
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Civilization Advanced cities Specialized workers Complex institutions
Record keeping Improved technology
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Mesopotamia Also known as the Fertile Crescent or the Cradle of Civilization. People settled here in 4500 BCE.
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There were LOTS of disadvantages to living here…
Unpredictable flooding and droughts No natural barriers for protection, defenseless against attack Limited natural resources, building materials were scarce
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…but, they were problem solvers!
Dug irrigation ditches that brought water to crops Built city walls with mud bricks Traded their grain, cloth and crafted tools with people of the mountains and deserts and as a result, got the raw materials that they needed: stone, wood and metal
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Mesopotamia - CIVILIZATION
1st Civilization – advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and technology. 4500 BCE
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Mesopotamia - CONTRIBUTIONS
Hammurabi’s Code, Wheel, Sail, Plow, geometry, 60 seconds in a minute (units to measure time), 360 degrees in a circle, cuneiform (written language), architecture (arches, columns, ramps) CHOOSE THREE TO WRITE DOWN
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Mesopotamia - GEOGRAPHY
Present day Iraq Awesome farming Limited natural resources Flooding and drought No natural barriers
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Nile River Yearly floods made the land surrounding the river fertile, predictable However, there were still risks Low river – crops reduced and thousands of people starve High river – floods destroyed homes, granaries, and seeds Deserts surrounding region isolated people, reduced interaction with other people
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Egyptian Culture Polytheistic – belief in many gods
Believed in ka, or eternal life Theocracy – Pharoahs were rulers and were thought to be almost as powerful as gods themselves Social classes
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Nile - CIVILIZATION Theocracy Pyramids Social Classes
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Nile - CONTRIBUTIONS Hieroglyphics, papyrus, 365 day calendar, system of numbers used for counting, adding and subtracting, pyramids, measuring heart rate, first surgeries, set bones CHOOSE THREE TO WRITE DOWN
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Nile - GEOGRAPHY Egypt Predictable weather isolated
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Bellwork Describe the importance of the Neolithic Revolution and share with a partner! What was 1 contribution of both river civilizations we talked about yesterday?
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Indus and Ganges Rivers
Area between Himalayas and Arabian Sea Mountains in the north and desert in the east help prevent invasion
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Annual monsoons – June-October - winds blow eastward from the southwest carrying massive amounts of rain Environmental challenges existed Yearly floods deposit rich soil, but unpredictable Rivers changed course Cycle of wet and dry seasons unpredictable
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Indus and Ganges - CIVILIZATION
Indus River was key trade route Theocracy – links to modern Hinduism No social divisions Had excess Peaceful Written language – has not been deciphered
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Indus and Ganges - CONTRIBUTIONS
Domesticated sheep and goats, bricks were oven-baked and uniform in size, plumbing and sewage systems, strong central government, three-story buildings. CHOOSE THREE TO WRITE DOWN
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Indus and Ganges - GEOGRAPHY
Indian subcontinent Natural barriers for protection – mountains and deserts Monsoons
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Yellow and Yangtze Rivers
Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) Like all of the other river civilizations, they faced challenges as well Flooding Geographic isolation – had to provide everything for themselves Consistent invasions from the west and north
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Dynasties Family was the center of culture – respect for elders Women were considered inferior, but could boost their status by bearing sons Social divisions Believed in spirits of ancestors, a supreme God, and lesser gods Written language – characters – consistent throughout China Feudalism
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Yellow and Yangtze - CIVILIZATION
Dynasties Feudalism Social divisions
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Yellow and Yangtze - CONTRIBUTIONS
Horse drawn chariot, coined money, blast furnaces produced cast iron and the emergence of weapons – daggers, swords, farm tools, etc. Construction of roads and canals to stimulate trade. CHOOSE THREE TO WRITE DOWN
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Yellow and Yangtze - GEOGRAPHY
China 10% China suitable for farming Geographic isolation Susceptible to attack
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Map Using your “BYOD” or the green geography books:
Label the seven rivers we discussed Indus Ganges Tigris Euphrates Nile Yellow Yangtze Highlight/shade the four ancient river civilization regions and label them.
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