1. Section 1-3 Studying Life
Chapter 1
Section
1-3
Studying Life

3. I. Characteristics of Living Things
A. All Living things share the following characteristics.
1. Contain Cells
2. Reproduce –
Asexual – one parent
Sexual – two parents
3. Contain DNA – Universal genetic code
4. Grow and Develop - aging
5. Respond to the environment/stimuli
6. Take in Energy - EAT

4. 7. Obtain and use material and energy – Metabolism, builds or breaks down materials.
8. Responds to the environment - Stimuli

5. 9. Maintain a stable internal environment – Homeostasis
a. Process where organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.
10. Change over time as a group

6. II. Levels of Organization
A. Biosphere – Earth that contains all ecosystems.
B. Ecosystem – community and it’s nonliving surroundings.
C. Community – populations that live together in a defined area.
D. Population – group of organisms of one type that live in the same area.

7. E. Organism – an individual living thing.
F. Group of cells – tissues, organs and organ systems.
G. Cells – smallest functional unit of life.
H. Molecules – group of atoms: smallest unit of most chemical compounds.

8. Biosphere

9. Ecosystem

10. Community

11. Populations

12. Organism

13. Groups of Cells

14. Cells

15. Molecules

16. Chapter 1
Section 1:4
Tools

17. Section 1:4 Tools in Science Microscopes Electron Microscopes
Chapter 1
Section 1:4
Tools in Science
Microscopes
Electron Microscopes
Centrifuge

18. III. Tools used in science
A. Compound Light Microscope –
device that uses light and lens that magnify images or structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye. It can also observe living organisms.

20. B. Electron Microscope –
Uses beams of electrons to produce magnified images. The specimens viewed must be preserved (DEAD) and dehydrated. Living things cannot be observed through this type of tool.

21. 1. 2 Main Types
a. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – shines beams of electrons through a thin specimen, that can reveal details inside the cell.
b. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)– scans a narrow beam of electrons back and forth a cross the surface of a specimen, producing three- dimensional images of the surfaces of objects.

22. TEM

23. Foot of a fly

24. Wolf Spider

25. Ant

26. Pollen Grains

28. IV. Laboratory Techniques
A. Cell Cultures – a single cell is placed in a dish of nutrients, where the cell is expected to reproduce to later be studied.
B. Cell Fractionation – this process is used to research just one part of the cell.
1. To obtain the separation of parts, the cell is placed in a test tube, then inserted into a tool called a centrifuge that spins the tube separating the parts inside the tube.