1. Adaptive drug resistance mediated by root–nodulation–cell division efflux pumps 
C. Daniels, J.L. Ramos 
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 
Volume 15, Pages (January 2009)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

2. FIG. 1
Illustration showing the main types of bacterial efflux systems. Indicated are TtgABC from Pseudomonas putida (a member of the rootnodulation–cell division (RND) family), LmrA from Lactococcus lactis (a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family) and NorA from Staphylococcus aureus (a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) family). As mentioned in the text, there are two other main types of efflux systems found in bacteria, small multidrug resistance (SMR) and multi-antimicrobial extrusion (MATE), and both systems appear to be structurally similar to the MFS family of pumps.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , 32-36DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

3. FIG. 2
Regulation of ttgABC, a root–nodulation–cell division (RND) family efflux pump from Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. (a) When a wild-type strain is grown in the absence of effector molecules such as antibiotics, the Ttgrprotein is produced and binds to the promoter/operator site, thus preventing further transcription and expression of the ttgABC operon. (b) In the presence of flavonoids and antibiotics, the repression is removed because effector molecules are able to bind to the TtgR repressor and prevent binding of the repressor to the promoter/operator region.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , 32-36DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions