1. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 6

2. Carbon Compounds
Organic Compounds: contain carbon (C) atoms with covalent bonds
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer energy level
Carbon has the ability to bond with many different element
May bond to other C, or H, O, N

3. Carbon Bonding Types of bonds:
C forms up to 4 covalent bonds
Single: 1 pair e- shared
Double: 2 pairs e- shared
Triple: 3 pairs e- shared
Can create long straight or branched chains, or rings

4. Large Carbon Molecules (Macromolecules/Biomolecules)
Polymer: a complex molecule made up of repeating units
Monomer: smaller units in polymers
Condensation Reaction: links monomers together by removing a H2O molecule
Hydrolysis: breaks polymers apart (reverse) by adding a H2O

5. 4 Macromolecules of Life
Organic Compounds that contain carbon
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

6. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates
Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
1:2:1 ratio
Used as energy for the body
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

7. Monosaccharide Simple carbohydrate Single sugar Glucose Fructose

8. Disaccharide
Double sugar formed by the combination of two simple sugars
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Sucrose is also known as table sugar
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Lactose is found in dairy products.
Formed by condensation synthesis
Sucrose

9. Polysaccharide
Large molecule formed when many monosaccharide’s link together
1. Starch
Made from plants
Puts glucose in a chain
2. Glycogen
Found in livers as stored food
Puts glucose in a branched chain
3. Cellulose
Found in cell walls of plant cells
Puts glucose in a chain linked fence form

11. Organic Compounds (con’t)
Lipids
Used for food storage, insulation and protection
Lipids are insoluble because their molecules are non-polar
Examples: Oils, fats, waxes, and steroids
Unsaturated lipids
Contain double bonds between the carbon atoms
Saturated lipids
Contain all single bonds between the carbon atoms

13. Organic Compounds (con’t)
Proteins
Essential for life
Provide Structure for tissues and organs
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Make enzymes
A protein that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Amino Acids are building blocks for proteins
Amino Acids are linked together by forming a peptide bond
Number and order of amino acids determines the proteins

15. Organic Compounds (con’t)
Nucleic Acids
Stores information in the form of a code (DNA)
Made of units called nucleotides
Phosphate Group
Ribose Sugar
Nitrogen Base