1. Chapter 2 Section 1 notes

2. The Foundations of democracy
The rights, freedoms, and form of government that we enjoy as Americans did not begin with the United States Constitution in 1788.
The origins of the American political system can be traced to ancient times

3. Society:
Judaism: the Jewish religion
Taught/ Description:
Every person has worth and is equal before the law

4. Society:
Greece
Taught/Description:
Created the first democracy
Had a democracy
All free men over 18 were considered citizens and could take part I the assembly

5. Society:
Rome
Taught/Descripition:
Had a republic (a representative democracy)
Government was put in the hands of a few people in the senate
Members of the senate were chosen from Rome's wealthy upper class
The senators elected two members called consuls to lead the government

6. Direct Democracy and Representative Democracies are similar in that they..are both democracies and ran by citizens
Representative Democracies and Direct Democracy are different in that..In a representative democracy citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf and in a direct democracy people vote first hand

7. Early English influences
The Magna Carta:
English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna carta in 1215
Limited kings power
Gave rights to free men
Right to equal treatment under the law
Trial by ones peers
Nobles could rebel against king if he broke agreement

8. The Magna Carta is important because it established the principle of limited government.
At first many rights protected by the Magna Carta applied only to nobles but over time they began to apply to all English people

9. Kings who came after John were advised by nobles and church officials.
This group grew to include representatives of the common people
By late 1300s, the advisers became a legislature called Parliament

10. More Events in England
Parliament: Kings after John were advised by nobles and church officials. This group eventually included representatives of common people By the late 1300s they became a lawmaking body called Parliament
King Charles I: Business owned by a group of Long merchants. They provided colonists with supplies and settlers for the colony. The owners hoped that het colony would make money for the company

11. More Events in England
Petition of Right: Charles I dismissed Parliament and ruled alone. In 1628 he recalled members of Parliament and they forced hi to sign the petition of right. This petition limited the kings power
After Math: Civil War broke out and Parliament removed the king and ruled without a monarch for about 20 years.

12. Glorious revolution
In 1688 Parliament forced King James II from the throne. It asked James’s daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead.
This transfer of power was known as the Glorious Revolution
First William and Mary had to accept rules set by Parliament

13. The English Bill of rights
No imprisonment without due process No cruel punishment Freedom of speech in Parliament No taxation without Parliament’s consent People have the right to bear arms

14. Influence of the englightment
The conflict between the monarch and Parliament produced new ideas about government
The new ideas were part of a larger cultural movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment

15. Name
Years Lived
Beliefs
Thomas Hobbes
People agree to be ruled because their ruler pledges to protect their rights
John Locke
People have rights to life, liberty, and property that the government must protect for the common good
Baron de Montesquieu
Separate the parts of government so one doesn’t become too powerful
Voltaire
People have right to speak freely, and this right should be defended by everyone
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Legislative power belongs to the people

16. First colonial governments
England founded colonies in America throughout the 1600s
Colony: an area of settlement in one place that is controlled by a country in another place
They brought with them a strong belief in their rights and representative government

17. jamestown First English settlement in N.A. Located in VA
At first it was ruled by a governor and council
1619 colonists could make their own laws

18. House of burgesses assembly of elected officials in james town
marked the beginning of self government I the colonies
Marked the beginning of representative government in the colonies

19. The mayflower compact
Soon after the House of Burgesses was formed, another group of English colonists arrived in America

20. Why did the Pilgrims draw up a compact?
They needed a government
What is a compact?
A written agreement

21. What did they agree on in the Mayflower Compact?
To choose leaders and work together to make their own laws for the colony
Agreed to obey the laws

22. What kind of government did the signers of the Mayflower Compact establish?
Direct democracy