1. Native American Conflicts
Pequot War – conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in Connecticut.
King Philip’s War – Conflict between New England settlers and the Wampanoag Indians as a result of English encroachment on Indian lands.
Bacon’s Rebellion – a rebellion led by an indentured servant (Nathaniel Bacon) against English rule in Jamestown as a result of policies concerning Native Americans.

2. Chapter 4
Slavery and Empire

3. Pre-Columbian Slavery Timeline
Pre-1400 – Slavery had existed as an institution in Mediterranean Europe long before the African Slave Trade began. Slavic people, as well as Muslims and Africans, had been made slaves by Italian merchants.
1441 – The Portuguese begin participating in the lucrative trade of gold, ivory, textiles, and slaves in West Africa. African slaves were largely used to harvest sugar on islands off of Africa.
1492 – 1500 – As more of the New World is unveiled, the Atlantic Slave Trade grows as workers are needed for the sugar plantations in the Caribbean.

4. The Middle Passage
After Columbus, a triangular trade developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
The Middle Passage referred to the middle part of this trade where African slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.

7. Sugar and Slavery
Expansion of sugar production in the Caribbean increased demand for African slaves in the New World.
African slaves were more resistant to European diseases and had experience growing sugar.

8. African to African American
The family was the most important institution for African culture in the New World.
However, slave codes (black codes) limited the legal rights of slaves including the right to marriage.
Nonetheless, distinct cultures developed across the Americas has African slaves blended their culture amongst each other as well as with European and Native practices.

10. Making America Africanizing was evident in:
cooking: barbecue, fried chicken, black-eyed peas, and collard greens
material culture: basket weaving, wood carving, and architecture
language: goober, okay, tote, buddy
music and dance: banjo
Even the Southern “drawl” may show African influence.
African slave culture was diverse and was/is a part of American society.

12. Resistance The American slave system was based on force and violence.
Africans resisted by:
Refusing to cooperate and malingering; mistreating tools and animals; Running away
Revolting
Stono Rebellion – slave uprising in South Carolina in This was the largest slave uprising in North America prior to the American Revolution.
Fear of uprisings but slaves in North America rarely revolted
Conditions for a successful revolt were not present

13. Resistance
Slaves had also developed culture and communities and did not want to risk losing these things.

14. Closing
African slaves were not passive victims. They developed their own culture, resisted white rule, and became a part of American culture.
“A nation within a nation”
Slavery is perhaps the darkest chapter of American history, but it must not be overlooked and oversimplified.