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ENZYMES made of Proteins

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Presentation on theme: "ENZYMES made of Proteins"— Presentation transcript:

1 ENZYMES made of Proteins

2 100s to 1000s of chemical rxn in human body
Enzymes speed up rxn by millions and even billions of times Single enzyme molecule acts on about 1000 substrate molecules/second.

3 IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts.
Lower the amount of energy needed for rxn Not changed by rxn Not used up by rxn

4 They lower the amount of energy needed for a reaction.
Reaction pathway without enzyme Activation energy Activation energy with enzyme Reactants Products

5 Responsible for metabolism:
Catabolism: breaking apart molecules (hydrolysis) Anabolism: building molecules (dehydration synthesis)

6 Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis

7 Lipase-lipids Protease-proteins Sucrase-sucrose
Most enzymes are named after the substrate they work on (usually ending in “-ase”). Lipase-lipids Protease-proteins Sucrase-sucrose

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9 ENZYME STRUCTURE

10 Substrate Reactants that enzymes work on.
Can be a big molec that needs broken down or small molec that need to be joined together.

11 Product The altered substrate produced at the end of the reaction.

12 Active Site The place on the enzyme where the substrate and enzyme interact. The substrate fits like a key in the “lock” of the active site.

13 Enzyme Specificity Enzymes are very specific about which types of substrates they can work on. B/C of this, a different enzyme is needed for almost every rxn in the body.

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17 Enzyme Animation

18 Denaturation An enzyme’s active site changes shape, which can stop or slow down biological activity, usually permanent Causes: Temperature change pH change

19 pH There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

20 Temperature There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

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22 Inhibitors Substances that interfere with the action of the enzyme.
2 types Competitive Noncompetitive Ex. Toxins, poisons, antibiotics

23 Competitive Inhibitors
Are able to bind at the active site and block the way for the substrate.

24 Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Bind someplace other than the active site causing a change in the active site. Substrate can no longer bind.

25 Coenzymes Another chemical (non- protein) that helps enzymes do work.
Example vitamins

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