1. Elements of a Novel
Mrs. Holder

2. Characters Protagonist Antagonist Dynamic Static Round Flat who’s who?
Foil

3. Characters Protagonist: Antagonist: The main character in a story
Whoever or whatever works against the main character in a story

4. Characters Dynamic: Static:
A character who changes significantly (internally) over the course of a story. This change may be in understanding, values, or insight.
Static:
A character who does not change significantly over the course of a story.

5. Characters Round: Flat:
A character with depth, written with detail so it seems “real”
(Often also dynamic)
Flat:
A simplified character without much personality development or detail
(Often also static)

6. Plot The sequence of events

7. Plot
Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action
Little Mermaid
Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax
Exposition: the start of the story - includes setting, characters and conflict
Resolution: the solving of the problem/conflict

8. Conflict
Human vs. human
Human vs. self
Human vs. society

9. Conflict Human vs. nature Human vs. fate Human vs. technology
Human vs. supernatural

10. Conflict Internal--a struggle within the character
External—conflict between the character and another person, society, nature, or technology

11. Characterization Show and Tell
Direct Characterization Directly describing a character
Shaquille O’Neal, an NBA basketball superstar, is one of the tallest players in the league, standing 7’3” tall.

12. Characterization Show and Tell
Indirect Characterization Describing a character through his actions, words, and what others think or say about him.
As Shaq came through the classroom door, he had to duck down to keep from hitting his head. He told the teacher, “Let me wipe that dust off your ceiling fan.” One of the students thought – that’s the biggest guy I’ve ever seen!

13. Point of view
1st Person – Narrator is a character in the story and is telling the story. (Has “I”)
My sister and I went to the store.
3rd Person Omniscient – Person telling the story is not a character in the story – is “all knowing” narrator – knows what all characters are thinking, saying, and doing
Mary and her sister went to the store; they both thought the cashier was friendly and would give them a deal.

14. Point of view
3rd Person Objective- Narrator telling the story is not a character in the story - narrator only tells what he sees and hears - like a reporter
Mary and her sister went to the store; the cashier was helpful.
3rd Person Limited -Narrator telling the story is not a character in the story – only focuses on one character in the story
Mary went to the store and thought the cashier was friendly, so she asked for directions to the mall.

15. Setting  time and place
Functions of setting:
background for action
establishing the mood or atmosphere

16. Setting  time and place
Functions f setting:
developing the main character
setting as antagonist
emphasizing the theme

17. Theme
a statement about life that the author is communicating through the selection.
It is the message that unifies the work.
It is the main idea of the work.
Stated theme obvious or clear theme. Sometimes the author tells the reader the lesson a character learned in life.
Implied theme Reader must use clues in the story to find the theme
Universal themes Themes that are common to most human situations

18. Tone  Author’s attitude toward the subject Mood  feeling or atmosphere Author’s Purpose the author’s reason for writing