1. What is Life? & Scientific method

2. Ask a Question https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMGRe824kak

3. Ask a question??
What do you want to know?
Write it as a question
Be specific

4. How to Write a Testable Question
Tamara Helfer, 2012 Sequoia Science Explorations

5. What is a “Testable Question?”
A testable question is one that can be answered by designing and conducting an experiment.
Testable questions are always about changing one thing to see what the affect is on another thing

6. Sample Testable Question
Does changing the height of the ramp affect the speed of car going down the ramp?

7. Testable Question Formats
Does changing _______ affect _______?
How does changing _____ affect _____?
If I change ______, will it affect ______?
Now your turn to write a testable question

8. EXIT TICKET
Write one testable question ABOUT ANYTHING! What makes this question testable?

9. Research the topic

10. Observe-use all 5 senses

11. Observation-
Qualitative observation- descriptions that can be observed but not measured
Examples- Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc
Quantitative observation- an observation dealing with numbers that can be measured
Examples: Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc.

13. Qualitative or Quantitative?
The chemical reaction released 10 joules of heat into the environment.
Chemical A and chemical B reacted creating bubbles.
The beaker contained 10 mL less water that the previous day.
The brown rock is heavier than the black rock.
The bear has a number 3 shaved into its fur.

14. Inference
Logical assumption based on facts
“something is burning”

15. Observation-qualitative

16. Observation-quantitative

17. 3 APPLEs

18. Observations: People wearing helmets Two people in green and white
One person in in black
One person wear stripes
Persons arms out like a T with a football in hand
Persons arms above their head

19. Inference- an interpretation of one or more observations.
Inferences:
The playier in black scored a touchdown
#81 is tackling the player in black

20. A

21. B

22. C

23. Form a hypothesis
An “educated guess”-a possible answer to the question….

24. Experiment A process where you gather information
Must include of materials
Cannot ASSUME that a person knows a step.

25. Design an experiment
A good experiment will have:
Independent variable-the scientist changes it— YOU do the changing!!!!
Dependent variable-factor that is expected to change due to the independent variable
Constants-Factors that remain the same.
Control- Does not receive the test variable, is compared to the experimental group

26. Independent variable Examples-time, temperature and distance X-axis

27. Dependent variable On the Y- axis
Is dependent on the changes in the independent variable.
Examples: How high does it grow?
How long did it take?
How far did it travel?
Y axis
X axis

29. Constant Examples:Temparture, location
SAME for each experiment- DO NOT CHANGE!!!!!!!!!!!

30. Control
Sample that is treated like the other experimental groups except that the independent variable is not applied to it .
-Source of expected results
-Provide a comparison group
What “normally” you would expect….

31. Collect Data
Show data NEATLY in charts or graphs

32. Draw a conclusion What were the results of your experiment?
This is the part you tell your results.

33. Communicate results
Prove or disprove hypothesis
Theory
Law

34. Theory
A well tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations.
Over time these can CHANGE!!!!!!!

35. Law
What scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions.
DO NOT CHANGE!!!
Example:Law of Gravity

36. What defines life?

37. Movement
All living things have the ability to move through internal and external structures.
Example: walking, plants move to track sunlight
Earthworm use circular and longitudinal muscles to move through soil

38. Reproduction The production of offspring
1. Sexual reproduction- 2 cells from different individuals unite to form a new cell
2. Asexual reporudction-1 cell divides to form 2 INDENTICAL cells
Earthworms have both sperm and eggs within their bodies but they cannot self-fertilize and need to mate with another individual. After mating, a cocoon containing the fertilized eggs is deposited in the soil.

39. Sensitivity Living things respond to their environment
Homeostasis-keep conditions suitable for life
Earthworms have light-sensitive cells scattered in their outer skin. Their skin cells are also sensitive to touch and chemicals.

40. Growth All living things have the ability to mature and age over time
Earthworms hatch from eggs and can grow up to a metre or more in length! Some earthworms are also able to regrow small parts of their body that have been lost or injured.

41. Respiration
Organisms have the ability to exchange gases between their body and the environment
The food that earthworms eat supplies their body with energy-rich molecules such as glucose. On entering the cells of their body, these molecules are broken down in a series of steps to release energy to be used by the body, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

42. Energy
Living things must be able to create energy as a cell and a whole organism

43. Excretion
Waste products must be removed from an organism after nutrients have been obtained.
Earthworms excrete waste from the last segment of their body.

44. Nutrition
Living things must be able to ingest nutrients from their environment
Earthworm nutrition comes from a variety of sources, depending on their species. Food types include manure, compost, plant material, fungi, microorganisms and decaying animals. They take in food through their mouths.

45. "What do all living things have in common?"
Movement-all living things have the ability to move
Reproduction-produce offspring
Sensitivity-respond to their environment
Growth- ability to mature and age through time
Respiration-ability to exchange gases
Energy-ability to create energy as a cell and whole organism
Excretion- ability to remove waste products
Nutrition- able to ingest nutrients fro their environment