1. http://static. howstuffworks. com/gif/adam/images/en/proteins-picture

2. Proteins have a wide variety of uses:
Structure (collagen)
Muscle contraction (muscle fiber structures)
Transportation (hemoglobin)
Immunity (antibodies)
Carrying out chemical reactions (insulin, enzymes… more to come!)

3. Proteins are made of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
And Sometimes Sulfur

4. Proteins have monomers too…
Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides
Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides
Proteins are made of Amino Acids

5. Amino Acids
There are 20 amino acids.
Each amino acid is unique, just like the letters in the alphabet are unique.
The order of amino acids in the proteins determines what that protein will do.

6. The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!
The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!

7. Amino Acids are strung together using a chemical reaction known as a “condensation reaction”
One amino acid loses a hydrogen
The other amino acid loses a hydrogen and an oxygen
2 hydrogen + 1 oxygen = water (H2O)

8. Making proteins requires that you lose a water molecule!

9. Amino Acids interact, and this determines the shape of the protein
Amino Acids interact, and this determines the shape of the protein. This can vary greatly. Size varies, too, depending on the length of the amino acid chain!
Size matters… and shape too…. With proteins

10. The shape of the protein allows the protein to perform certain functions.
If the shape of the protein changes, the protein can no longer do its job.

11. A very special type of protein…
Enzymes:
Are used to change how quickly a chemical reaction will happen
This is why they are called “catalysts”

12. Enzymes fit with their “substrates” like a lock fits with a key.

13. A fun animation to watch!

14. Enzymes work at different rates depending onpH
temperature
concentration
environmental factors

17. Affect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

18. Enzymes will work faster if there is more substrate to work on until….
There is so much substrate that there is not enough enzyme to work.
And vice versa. More enzymes work faster until they run out of substrate.

20. Enzymes are recyclable!
When an enzyme is done with one piece of substrate, it moves on to the next one…
And the next one…
And the next one.
Until the job is done. Quitters are losers!

21. Go ahead. Quit. We’re done.
Loser.
I mean… don’t quit. We still have work to do.

22. http://static. howstuffworks. com/gif/adam/images/en/proteins-picture

23. Proteins have a wide variety of uses:
_________(collagen)
Muscle contraction (muscle fiber structures)
__________ (hemoglobin)
Immunity (antibodies)
Carrying out ____________ (insulin, enzymes… more to come!)

24. Proteins are made of
Carbon
_______
Oxygen
________
And Sometimes ________

25. Proteins have monomers too…
Carbohydrates are made of _____________
Nucleic Acids are made of ________
Proteins are made of ________________.

26. There are ___ amino acids.
Each amino acid is unique, just like the letters in the alphabet are unique.
The order of __________ ___________ determines what that protein will do.

27. The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!
The “R” group is what makes each Amino Acid unique!

28. Amino Acids are strung together using a chemical reaction known as a “_______________”
One amino acid ____________
The other amino acid loses a hydrogen and an oxygen
2 hydrogen + 1 oxygen = water (H2O)

29. Making proteins requires that you lose a ______________!

30. ________________, and this determines the shape of the protein
________________, and this determines the shape of the protein. This can vary greatly. Size varies, too, depending on the length of the amino acid chain!
Size matters… and shape too…. With proteins

31. The shape of the protein allows the protein to perform certain functions.
If the ________ of the protein changes, the protein can no longer do its job.

32. A very special type of protein…
__________:
Are used to change how quickly a chemical reaction will happen
This is why they are called “_________”

33. Enzymes fit with their “substrates” like a lock fits with a key.

34. A fun animation to watch!

35. Enzymes work at different rates depending on
_________
___________
______________
environmental factors

38. Affect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

39. Enzymes will work faster if there is more _______ to work on until….
There is so much __________ that there is not enough enzyme to work.
And vice versa. More _______ work faster until they run out of substrate.

41. When an ______________________________________________…
Enzymes are ________!
When an ______________________________________________…
And the next one…
And the next one.
Until the job is done. Quitters are losers!

42. Go ahead. Quit. We’re done.
Loser.
I mean… don’t quit. We still have work to do.