1. Review Covalent Bonds

2. In covalent bonds, electrons are…
Given and taken
Shared
Contributed to a shared pool

3. Answers for Practice Problems
SO₂
NF₄
N₂O
CCl₄
H₂O
MgCl₂

4. Answers for Practice Problems
7. Chlorine trifluoride
8. Diphosphorus trioxide
9. Carbon dioxide
10. Diarsenic trioxide
11. Disulfur decafluoride
12. Dialuminum trioxide

5. Intermolecular Forces

6. Different Properties Table Salt Table Sugar
Does not melt Melts at low temp.

7. Differences in properties are a result of differences in attractive forces
O = O
O = O
O = O
Bonds between atoms are strong, but attractive forces between molecules are weak

8. Intermolecular forces – weak attraction forces

9. Types of Intermolecular Forces
Ion-Dipole
Dipole-Dipole
Induced Dipole-Dipole

10. What is a Dipole? What is an Ion?

11. Ion-Dipole Attraction
Strongest
Between an ion and the dipole of a polar molecule

12. Ion-Dipole Attraction
Example: solubility of ionic salts in polar solution

13. Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Strong
Between two polar molecules

14. Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Hydrogen Bond – between molecules that have H bonded to a highly electronegative atom (N,O,F)

15. Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Example: oil floating on water because water molecules are so attracted to themselves

16. Induced Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Weakest attraction
Between a polar and non-polar molecule

17. Induced Dipole
Temporary uneven distribution of electrons

18. Induced Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Example: Oxygen binding to Iron in Hemoglobin

19. Induced Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Example: CO₂ dissolving in water

20. REVIEW
Ion-dipole
Dipole-dipole
Dipole-induced dipole

21. What is the difference between a dipole-dipole attraction and a dipole-induced dipole attraction?

22. Which forces are stronger?
Atoms – Atoms Molecules – Molecules