1. Vocabulary 7b

2. Martinet (n.) a strict disciplinarian; a stickler for the rules
S: TASKMASTER, SLAVE Driver
When it came to drilling troops, the Revolutionary war general baron friedrich von steuben was something of a martinet.

3. obviate (v.) to anticipate and prevent; to remove, dispose of
S: preclude, forestall, ward off
Vaccinations can do much to obviate the dangers of childhood illnesses.

4. renegade
(n.) one who leaves a group; a deserter, outlaw; (adj.) traitorous; unconventional, unorthodox
S: (n.) turncoat, defector, heretic
A: (n.) loyalist, patriot
Many writers have been labeled a renegade for refusing to conform to society’s conventions.
Renegade senators from the president’s own party joined the opposition to defeat the bill.

5. reprehensible (adj.) deserving blame or punishment
S: objectionable, blameworthy, culpable, odious
A: commendable, blameless, meritorious
Stalin eliminated many potential rivals by accusing them of all sorts of reprehensible acts that they did not commit.

6. somber (adj.) dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit
S: mournful, dismal
A: bright, sunny, lighthearted, cheerful, jaunty
The atmosphere in the locker room of the losing team could best be described as somber.

7. squalid (adj.) filthy, wretched, debased
S: dingy, sordid, foul, bile, abject
A: neat, spruce, exalted, lofty
Many laws prohibit the types of squalid working conditions found in sweatshops.

8. turbulent (adj.) disorderly, riotous, violent; stormy
S: tumultuous, unruly, agitated
A: calm, placid, tranquil, still
Letters and diary entries may reveal a person’s lifelong struggle to gain some control over turbulent emotions.

9. vociferous (adj.) loud and noisy; compelling attention
S: clamorous, uproarious, blustering
A: quiet, soft-spoken, muted, subdued
Relief agencies regularly make vociferous appeals for aid for victims of war, terrorism, and natural disasters.

10. voluminous
(adj). Of great size; numerous; writing or speaking at great length
S: bulky, massive, copious, plentiful
A: scant, meager, brief, succinct
The task of summarizing the voluminous reports issued by government agencies may fall to members of a legislator’s staff.

11. waive
(v.) to do without, give up voluntarily; to put off temporarily, defer
S: decline, relinquish, forgo
A: claim, accept
The senator agreed to waive opposition to the proposed bill if some of its more controversial provisions were substantially modified.