1. HIV Surveillance in Women

2. During 2006 through 2009, among females aged 13 years and older, blacks/African Americans constituted the largest estimated numbers of diagnoses of HIV infection in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January In 2009, an estimated 6,632 diagnoses of HIV infection were in adult and adolescent black/African American females, 1,700 diagnoses were in white females, 1,625 diagnoses were in Hispanic/Latino females, 132 were in females reporting multiple races, 105 diagnoses were in Asian females, 51 diagnoses were in American Indian/Alaska Native females and 10 diagnoses were in Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

3. This slide shows the estimated rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adult and adolescent females residing in 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006.
Among adult and adolescent females in the 40 states, the overall rate of diagnosis of HIV infection in 2009 was 9.8 per 100,000 population. By race/ethnicity, the rate for blacks/African Americans (47.8) was nearly 20 times as high as the rate for whites (2.4) and more than 4 times as high as the rate for Hispanics/Latinos (11.9). Relatively few cases were diagnosed among Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females and females reporting multiple races, although the rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among females of all these races/ethnicities were higher than that for white females.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

4. The pie chart on the left illustrates the distribution of diagnoses of HIV infection among adult and adolescent females in 2009 by race/ethnicity in the 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January The pie chart on the right shows the distribution of the female population of the 40 states in 2009.
In 2009, black/African American females made up 14% of the female population but accounted for an estimated 66% of diagnoses of HIV infection among females. Hispanic/Latino females made up 11% of the female population but accounted for 14% of diagnoses of HIV infection among females. White females made up 71% of the female adult and adolescent population but accounted for 17% of diagnoses of HIV infection among females.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

5. This slide shows the distribution of diagnoses of HIV infection among adult and adolescent black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and white females by transmission category. Blacks/African Americans had the highest percentage of diagnosed HIV infections attributed to heterosexual contact among the three groups (87%), followed by Hispanics/Latinos (83%) and whites (77%). The percentage of diagnosed HIV infections attributed to injection drug use was highest among white females (23%) followed by Hispanic/Latino (17%) and black/African American (13%) females.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Heterosexual contact is with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.

6. In 2009, the majority of diagnosed HIV infections among females aged 13 years or older were attributed to heterosexual contact for all age groups. However, the percentages attributed to heterosexual contact decreased as age group increased. An estimated 17.9% of diagnosed HIV infections among females aged 45 years and older were attributed to injection drug use, compared with 9.6% in females aged 13–19 years, 10.0% in females aged 20–24 years, 13.0% in women aged years, and 15.9% in women aged years. The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
Heterosexual contact is with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.

7. In the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006, the estimated rate of diagnosis of HIV infection among adult and adolescent females was 9.9 per 100,000 population in The rate of diagnosis of HIV infection for adult and adolescent females ranged from zero per 100,000 population in American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands to 21.7 per 100,000 population in Louisiana and 24.6 per 100,000 population in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.

8. This slide shows the estimated numbers and rates of death of adult and adolescent females with a diagnosis of HIV infection by race/ethnicity in 2008 in 40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance since at least January 2006.
The rate of death (per 100,000 population) for black/African American females (22.1) was the highest among all races/ethnicities, and was more than 20 times as high as the rate of death for whites (1.1) and nearly 4 times as high as the rate for Hispanics/Latinos (6.1). Relatively few deaths were among American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, and persons reporting multiple races, although the rates of death for American Indians/Alaska Natives (2.4), and females reporting multiple races (13.7) were higher than that for white females. No deaths were reported in 2008 for Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females.
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Persons are classified as adult or adolescent based on age at death.
The Asian category includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (cases that were diagnosed and reported under the old race/ethnicity classification system).
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

9. This slide shows the estimated rates (per 100,000 population) of adult and adolescent females living with a diagnosis of HIV infection at the end of 2008 in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006.
Areas with the highest estimated rates of females living with a diagnosis of HIV infection at the end of 2008 were the U.S. Virgin Islands (519.3), New York (485.0), Puerto Rico (349.7), Florida (348.5), and New Jersey (342.6).
The following 40 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 5 U.S. dependent areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection are classified as adult or adolescent based on age at end of 2008.

10. Of all AIDS diagnoses from , the estimated percentage among adult and adolescent females (aged ≥13 years) increased from 7% in 1985 to 25% in The numbers of AIDS diagnoses among adult and adolescent females rose steadily from 1985 to 1993, when the AIDS surveillance case definition was expanded, and leveled off at approximately 13,000 AIDS diagnoses each year from 1993 through In 1996, AIDS diagnoses among adult and adolescent females began to decline, primarily because of the success of antiretroviral therapies. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.

11. In 2009, the overall estimated rate of AIDS diagnoses among adult and adolescent females in the United States was 6.7 per 100,000 population. The rate of AIDS diagnoses among black/African American females (35.1) was more than 23 times as high as the rate for white females (1.5).
The estimated number of AIDS diagnoses among females in 2009 was similar for Hispanics/Latino and white females; however, the rate for Hispanics/Latino females (7.9) was more than 5 times as high as the rate for white females.
Relatively few cases were diagnosed among Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander females and females reporting multiple races; however, the rates for American Indian/Alaska Native females (2.9), Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females (4.0) and females reporting multiple races (12.7) were higher than the rate for white females.
All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
The Asian category includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (cases that were diagnosed and reported under the old race/ethnicity classification system).
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

12. In 2008, the majority of diagnosed AIDS cases among females aged 13 years or older were attributed to heterosexual contact for all age groups. However, the percentages attributed to heterosexual contact were higher among females age (81.0%) and (83.9%) than among other age groups.
Diagnosed AIDS cases attributed to injection drug use were highest among females age (22.4%) and age 45 and older (27.8%), compared with 6.4% in females age 13–19 years, 12.3% in females age 20–24 years, 15.7% in females age years. Among females age years, 45.6% of infections were attributed to “other” transmission categories, the majority of which were perinatal exposures.
All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor, but not for incomplete reporting.
Heterosexual contact is with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.

13. This slide presents the estimated rates of AIDS diagnoses (per 100,000 population) among black/African American, Hispanic/Latino and white adult and adolescent females by region of residence in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Most AIDS diagnoses among adult and adolescent females were among those who resided in the South and the Northeast.
The highest rates of AIDS diagnoses were among black/African American females in the Northeast (52.4) and in the South (36.1).
The highest rate of AIDS diagnoses among Hispanic/Latino females was in the Northeast (24.7).
Data are not shown for Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander females or females reporting multiple races because the estimated numbers when stratified by region of residence are small.
Regions of residence are defined as follows:
Northeast—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont Midwest—Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

14. Estimated rates of AIDS diagnoses (per 100,000 population) among adult and adolescent females during 2009 are shown for each state, the District of Columbia, and for U.S. dependent areas. The highest rates were found in the District of Columbia (83.1), Florida (17.8), Maryland (17.1) and New York (16.5). Rates were lowest in American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
The District of Columbia is a metropolitan area; use caution when comparing the estimated rate of AIDS diagnoses in D.C. to the rates in states. All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.

15. This slide shows the estimated rates (per 100,000 population) of adult and adolescent females living with an AIDS diagnosis at the end of 2008 in the United States and dependent areas.
Areas with the highest estimated rates of adult and adolescent females living with an AIDS diagnosis at the end of 2008 were the District of Columbia (948.5), New York (289.5), Maryland (240.5), the U.S. Virgin Islands (236.4), Puerto Rico (186.1), and Florida (183.0).
The District of Columbia is a metropolitan area; use caution when comparing the estimated rate of AIDS diagnoses in D.C. to the rates in states.
All displayed data have been estimated. Estimated numbers resulted from statistical adjustment that accounted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Persons living with an AIDS diagnosis are classified as adult or adolescent based on age at end of 2008.