1. The Western Gulf Tribes

2. The Coahuiltecans Koh-ah-weel-tay-kahnz Suffered sharp decline
Between San Antonio / Corpus Christi, to the Rio Grande
Dry plain would not support many people
Never organized into tribes
Hunters/Gathers
Buffalo/large animals scarce
Ate snakes, lizards, armadillos, worms, snails, spiders, insects, rotten wood
Gathered plants like leaves, cactus fruits, nuts
Lived in dome shaped huts with reed mats or animal skins draped over them
Used bow/arrow to hunt deer
Dug Pits to capture Javelinas
Suffered sharp decline
Lipans were pushed into territory
Missionaries/Ranchers arrive from Mexico
Competing for food w/ cattle and Lipans
Moved to Mexico
Died from disease

4. The Karankawas Lived along Gulf Coast Traveled on foot, hunted deer
Fished in bays, gathered wild plants
Traveled on foot, hunted deer
Used dugout canoes
Used smoke signals to communicate
Karankawas were larger than most Indians, avg. 6ft in height
Pierced lower lips/chests w/ cane
Wore very little clothing
Warfare was a way of life
Practiced ceremonial cannibalism
Ate flesh of enemies to get revenge
Captured the enemy’s courage or strength
One Spaniard said that they carried off the children of their enemy for “food to eat on the way.”
Declined from disease
1840, only 100 remained
Group of settlers wiped them out in an attack in 1858