1. Review for standard 5
Evolution

2. How did DNA discoveries help evolution?
Remember biochemistry
Now we could look at similarities in DNA sequences and revise how things are evolutionary trees.

3. Darwin – 1800s Natural selection
Darwin create theory of evolution alone?
No Darwin built upon ideas of other scientists like Wallace
Originally not accepted but is now accepted. Why?
Lots of evidence that supports his theory like what?
Fossils, anatomy, biochemistry and embryology
Different species of finches found on different islands
Reproductive isolation

4. Evidence for evolution
Adaptations
Like mimicry and camouflage
Fossils
Embryology – embryo of fish,reptiles, birds and mammals are similar

5. Embryology

6. Homologous Structures
Similar in arrangement, function or both. – COMMON ANCESTOR
Divergent evolution

7. Analogous Structures Body parts are similar in function but –
DO NOT HAVE COMMON ANCESTOR
Convergent evolution

8. evidence for evolution
homologous structures common or not common ancestor?
Common evolutionary origin
Divergent or convergent evolution?
divergent evolution.
analogous structures common or not common ancestor?
Not common
Convergent or divergent evolution? convergent evolution

9. Evidence for evolution
Evidence that present species developed from earlier forms.
AUG codes for methionine in all living things
Why would I not care about one single mutation in a population.
Survival is not threatened by this as there are ways usually ways to adapt

10. What is relative dating?
Fossils in deeper rock layers are older than those found closer to the surface.
Why do scientists believe this?
They assume that in the past, layers of sediment were deposited on top of each other the same as it is today.

11. If I find fossils of coral in one of these layers then I assume what?
The area was once covered by an ocean
Further evidence would be?
fossilized shark teeth.

12. Geographic Isolation What is it?
separation due to a physical barrier like a river or mountain divides a population eventually leading to speciation –

13. geographic isolation
Example is frogs separated by a mountain or a river
What can this lead to?
Speciation.
What is speciation?
No longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Convergent or divergent evolution?
divergent evolution

14. Reproductive Isolation
What is it?
two organisms become isolated reproductively.
What does this lead to?
Speciation
What is speciation?
so different (for whatever reason) that they can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
This is what happened with Darwin’s finches.

15. What happens during geographic or reproductive isolation?
Something divides a population so that they can no longer mate
which can lead to?
Speciation.
Divergent or convergent evolution?
Divergent evolution

16. Classification (common name vs. scientific name)
Linnaeus what did he do?
Two-word naming system (scientific name)
First word is?
genus,
second word is?
a descriptor
In Italics and first letter of first word is capitalized
Like Felis concolor is scientific name for common name of mountain lion

17. Whittiker – 5 kingdoms Can you name them? Plant Animal Fungi Protist
Monera (bacteria)

18. 6 kingdom Same but monera (bacteria) is divided into two groups
Eubacteria
Archaebateria
Which kingdom is prokaryotes
Monera (bacteria)

19. Changes, changes, changes
Why do we keep changing things?
Science always revises its ideas as new stuff is always being discovered

20. Time line Time line - one million years equals one meter. Problem?
The time line will be too long to fit in the classroom.

21. Name the taxas Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Which is most DIS-similar (broadest group) from each other ?
Toward Top - Kingdom
Which ones are the most SIMILAR (most specific)
Towards bottom (Species)

22. Dichotymous keys

23. Does science ever change?
Yes. - Think of the classification systems
Carolus Linnaeus – 2 word naming system
Robert Whittaker – 5 kingdom system
And now??? 6 kingdoms ?????
Why all the changes?
As we find out more stuff, we have to revise.

24. What do you remember about Darwin?
Galapagos islands – 1800s - finches
Isolation – Geographic and Reproductive
Natural selection

25. Did Darwin create the evolution theory by himself?
No. He used ideas of others
Like who?
Wallace.