1. Abolition Major figures: Benjamin Lundy (Quaker)
William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator
Frederick Douglass
Sojourner Truth
Theodore Weld
Grimke sisters

2. Abolition Major challenges: Disagreement within movement:
Immediate vs. gradual abolition
Should blacks be free OR free and equal?
Some believed blacks were inferior (but deserving of freedom)
Women: if black males deserve equality, what about women?
Gag rule in Congress – abolitionist newspapers stepped up attacks since Congress wouldn’t debate issue

3. Women’s rights Women’s status in early 1800s: No suffrage
Few property rights (none if married)
Few educational opportunities outside home
Tough divorce laws
Could legally be beaten in some places
In some places legally forbidden from speaking in public

4. Women’s rights What inspired women to seek reform?
Roles in 2nd GA and other reform movements
Being marginalized in abolition movement
Key Figures:
Grimke sisters
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucy Stone

5. Women’s rights Seneca Falls: Meeting in 1848 in upstate NY
Declaration of Sentiments – demand for women’s rights
Success?
Success slow and uneven
No success in south
In North, women’s colleges appeared (a few)
Gradually easier divorce laws
Some property rights/anti-violence laws
Failures?
Slow progress
No suffrage until 1920

6. Criminal Justice Problems before movement:
Terrible conditions in jails
No efforts at rehabilitation
Solutions?
Penitentiaries:
Solitary confinement
Time to think about mistakes

7. Treatment of Mentally Ill
Conditions before movement:
Mentally ill lumped together w/ criminals
Horrible conditions – caged, beaten, chained to walls, etc.
Reform leader:
Dorothea Dix (Mass.)
Changes?
Insane asylums separate from prisons
Treated as patients instead of inmates
Attempt to fix the person by fixing the environment

8. Conclusion? What ideas were shared in 2nd GA and reform movements?
Idea that the individual could better him/herself with the right actions or environment
Notion that individual was capable of real change through choice (democratic ideal)