1. It's A Mole World

2. The Mole and Avogadro’s Number

3. Matter is composed of small individual particles called
ATOMS
Substances are made up of individual atoms or groups of atoms. What are these representative particles?
Atoms (for elements)
Molecules (for molecular compounds)
Formula Units (for ionic compounds)

4. In everyday life, we use units to count large quantities, like a dozen
In everyday life, we use units to count large quantities, like a dozen... or a Baker’s dozen!

5. In chemistry, a unit had to be defined to count how many atoms, ions or molecules are in a substance.
-- The Mole --
...can you dig it?

6. Why can’t we count the number of particles in a substance?
1 - The representative particles are too small.
2 - The number of individual particles in a sample is too large.
For example: a teaspoon of water contains 2 x 1023 molecules of water.

7. Ask not what you can do for the mole...
Ask what the mole can do for you !

8. What can a mole do for you?
1 - It describes (counts) the # of representative particles in a sample. 2 - A way of measuring the mass of a sample. 3 - A way of measuring volume of a gas sample.

9. A mole is used to convert units in Dimensional Analysis!
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles atoms, f.units or molecules 1 mole = molar mass, grams 1 mole = 22.4 STP

10. The Star Nose Mole Map Mole Volume of Solution Molarity (moles/liter)
Volume of Gas
(at STP)
Mass
Molar Mass
(grams)
22.4 (liters)
Mole
Balanced Equation (thermochemical)
6.02 x atoms of element, molecules, formula units
count subscripts
Energy of a Reaction
Representative Particles
Atoms of element formula units
molecules
Number of Atoms in
1 Compound Unit

11. Avogadro’s number: in honor of Amedeo Avogadro.
What is 6.02 x 1023?
A basic measuring unit!
Avogadro’s number: in honor of Amedeo Avogadro.

12. And his work is so important in chemistry. Amedeo Avogadro –
lived in Italy,
And his work is so important
in chemistry. Amedeo Avogadro –
he is dead,
but we still remember
the words that he said…
whoops…

13. volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure have the same number of
qual
volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure have the same number of E
22.4 L O2 H2
...molecules!
Amedeo
Avogadro
That’s his hypothesis…
That’s his hypothesis…!
6.02 x 1023 molecules each!

14. We can use dimensional analysis
to solve mole problems!
Ex #1: How many mol of Au is in a sample containing x 1021 atoms Au?
1.94 x 1021 atoms Au 1
mole Au
6.02 x 1023
atoms Au
= 3.22 x 10-3 mole Au

15. We can use dimensional analysis to solve more mole problems!
Ex #2: How many molecules are in 6.8 mole of chlorine monoxide?
6.8 mole ClO
6.02 x 1023
molecules ClO 1
mole ClO
= 4.1 x 1024 molecules ClO

16. We can use dimensional analysis to solve more mole problems!
Ex #3: How many moles of NaNO3 are in x 1023 formula units of NaNO3?
3.04 x 1023 f.unit NaNO3 1
moles NaNO3
6.02 x 1023
f.unit NaNO3
= moles NaNO3
= 5.05 x 10-1 moles NaNO3

17. A little tougher now – 2 steps!
Ex #4: How many oxygen atoms are in mol of Ca3(PO3)2?
1.75 mol Ca3(PO3)2
6.02 x 1023
f.unit Ca3(PO3)2 6
Oxygen atoms 1
mol Ca3(PO3)2 1
f.unit Ca3(PO3)2
= 6.32 x 1024 Oxygen atoms

18. 1 mole of any substance = x 1023 representative particles (atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units)

19. How large is Avogadro’s number?
Imagine if you were able to spread 6.02 x 1023 marbles over the entire Earth’s surface. The marbles would produce a layer 3 miles thick!

20. If you had 6.02 x 1023 unpopped popcorn kernels and spread them across the U.S… ...the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles!

21. molecules or formula units
If you were able to count atoms at a rate of 10 million per second, it would take about 2 billion years to count the atoms in one mole!
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms,
molecules or formula units

22. count subscripts # of atoms
Volume of Gas
(at STP)
Representative
Particles
atoms of element
formula units
molecules
_ L
6.02 x 1023
Atoms of element, or Molecules, or Formula units
Mole
Mass
molar mass g
Number of Atoms in
1 Compound Unit
The Mole Map Conversions
count subscripts # of atoms