1. Biology 20

2. Energy cycle

3. Needs for energy Producers Consumers Decomposers
Convert that sunlight energy into sugars and oxygen
Consumers
Different levels depending on what they eat
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Decomposers

4. Matter and Energy
Matter cycles and Energy flows in the biosphere

5. Trophic Levels

6. Food Chains and Webs
Food chain is a linear pathways through which food is transferred to higher trophic levels.
Food web is an ecosystem which shows the connection between food chains

7. Energy transfer
Only about 10 % of energy is transferred between trophic levels.
There are lots of losses of energy at each level due to the organisms of that level

8. Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of Number Pyramid of Biomass
Represent the relative numbers of organisms at each trophic level
Pyramid of Biomass
Represent the relative mass of organisms at each trophic level
Pyramid of Energy
Represent the energy transfer of organisms at each trophic level

9. Water Cycle

10. Water Universal Solvent
High boiling point
Special adhesive and cohesive properties
High heat capacity

11. Water in the Ecosystem Water is everywhere in the ecosystem
50 % of all plants and animals are comprised of water
Drought can occur and affect the plants growth
If a plant doesn’t get enough water the stomata close up to reduce transpiration, which will reduce the photosynthesis process

12. Summary There is a limited amount of water in the ecosystem
Water can dissolve many different substances
Water is an essential part of the ecosystem, drought and water quality

13. Biogeochemical Cycles
Movement of nutrients within the ecosystem
Some organisms store these nutrients (resrvoir)
Carbon dioxide, oxgyen, sulfur, nitrogen
Rapid cycling – movement between quickly

14. Nutrient reservoirs

15. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen

17. Sulfur Cycle Proteins and vitamins require sulfur
Plants and algae incorporate sulfur in the form (SO4-)
Bacteria are an important role in the sulfur cycle to convert the sulfur.
Sulfur reducers – sulfate to sulfide
Sulfur oxidizers – sulfide to sulfur and sulfate

18. Sulfur Cycle

19. Acid deposition
In the burning of fossil fuels, SO2 (sulflur dioxide) is released
This reacts from water vapour and oxygen to form H2SO3 (sulfurous acid) and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) both which cause acid depositions
Acid rain, snow, sleet bring these back to earth and can damage plants, damage lakes and soils.

20. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen gas (N2) about 78 % of the atmosphere
Essential part of proteins and genetics material (DNA) found in cells
Nitrogen fixation – converting nitrogen gas to ammonium
Ammonification – decomposers breaking down organic matter into ammonium
Denitrification – converting nitrite or nitrate back into nitrogen gas

21. Nitrogen Cycle

22. Phosphorus Cycle
An essential nutrient but limited quantities in the environment
Part of DNA and ATP and component to bones and teeth
Not in the atmosphere, only in the soil and water
Aquatic growth is limited by amount of Phosphorus in the ecosystem

23. Phosphorus Cycle

24. Algae growth
With an abundant amount of Phosphorus algae can growth rapidly.
This can affect the water ecosystem.