1. BIOLOGY EOC
REPORTING CATEGORY : 2

2. MECHANISMS OF GENETICS

3. DNA DOUBLE HELIX
BASE PAIR RULE
A = ____
C = ____ T G

4. DNA Structure and Function

5. DNA REPLICATION Occurs in the __ phase of the cell cycle
Occurs in the ____ of the cell
Ensures every cell has the ______ DNA S
nucleus
same

6. TRANSCRIPTION DNA to mRNA Occurs in the ________ of the cell
DNA cannot leave the ______
RNA can fit through nuclear _______
mRNA goes to the ______
Which process is next? ______________
nucleus
nucleus
pores
ribosomes
translation

7. Serine
UCU =
AAA =
Lysine
DNA =AAT
RNA=
UUA

8. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS--TRANSLATION
*mRNA codons match with the ________ on tRNA
*Occurs at
the _______
*Amino acids will
bond with ______
to form a polypeptide
or _______
anticodons
ribosomes
Peptide bonds
proteins

9. Protein Gene Expression
Proteins control the traits
Genotype and Phenotype (remember your monster)

10. Meiosis Division of the body cells into reproductive cells or _______
From diploid cells to ____ cells
Human Diploid # = ____
Human Haploid #= ____
____ is when two gametes joined to make a zygote
gametes
haploid 46 23
Fertilization

11. GENETICS AND PREDICTIONS
Scientists us probability to predict traits in offspring.
A Punnett Square organizes information in order to make genetic predictions. B B b
B b
B b b
B b
B b

12. Punnett Squares Genotype (YY, Yy) Phenotype (green, yellow)
Homozygous (YY, yy)
Heterozygous (Yy)
Dominant (Y)
Recessive (y)

13. Punnett Squares are used to organize allele information (meiosis) and predict the outcome of the offspring.
PUREBRED CROSS
DI-HYBRID CROSS
MONOHYBRID CROSS

14. Punnett Squares Incomplete Dominance codominance red and white flowers
Black and white chickens

15. Linked Genes and Crossing Over
Linked Genes are located in the same chromosomes and do not sort independently
Chromosomes sometimes cross over during meiosis, resulting in recombination of alleles.
Leads to
Genetic Variation

16. HUMAN KARYOTYPE
Notice chromosome 21 below has one extra chromosome caused by non-disjunction. This is known as trisomy. The disorder it causes is Down Syndrome. Can you tell what is the sex of this individual below?

17. Predictions and PEDIGREES

18. MUTATIONS

19. BIOTECHNOLOGY
DNA
ELECTROPHORESIS