1. REFUGEES A Global Crisis

2. What is a Refugee?
REFUGEE: A displaced person forced to leave his/her homeland because of fear of persecution.
PERSECUTION: Systematic hostility, harassment, punishment, injury or enforced suffering; fear of loss of life, safety or freedom.

3. Nations With the Greatest Number of Refugees

4. Nations with the Greatest Concentration of Refugees
The number of refugees a nation has is only part of the story. The concentration of refugees varies with the size of the host country’s population. When refugees represent a higher proportion of the nation’s population, the nation feels refugees’ presence and needs more acutely.

5. Refugees in Europe

6. Concentration of Refugees in Europe

7. membership in a particular social group, or
Asylee:
A person in a foreign country or at the port of entry of a foreign country who is found to be unable or unwilling to return to his or her country of nationality, or to seek the protection of his or her country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on the individual’s
race,
religion,
nationality,
membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion.*
*Based upon U.S. INS Definition

8. Countries Receiving the Most Asylum Applicants

9. National Origin of Asylum Seekers in Industrialized Countries

10. National Origin of Asylum Seekers in Europe Over Time
would likely be among the first victims of the new regime.

11. Stages of the Refugee Process

12. Why Do Refugees Exist? Civil War – Eg. The Vietnam War
Religious Persecution – the Sunnies Vs the Shea
Tribal Rivalries - The Tutsi Vs the Hutu in Ruwanda
Environmental Crises – Solomon Islands, Micronesia
Poverty??? Refugees or Immigrants?

13. the last American Embassy Personnel
Vietnamese Refugees
Desperate South Vietnamese trying to get aboard the helicopters evacuating
the last American Embassy Personnel
April 30, 1975

14. Vietnamese Refugees
People at Greatest Risk at the End of the War in 1975
Military leaders in the (South) Vietnamese Army (ARVN).
Individuals who worked for or collaborated with the U.S. and ARVN.
Anyone who was married to an American,
had helped the American forces, or
had family living in the US As the US prepared to pull out its forces, its leadership felt a moral imperative to help them.

15. Vietnamese Refugees The Evacuation The week before Saigon fell,
15,000 people left on scheduled flights
an additional 80,000 also evacuated by air.
the last group was carried on U.S. Navy ships.
in the spring of 1975 a total of 125,000 people left South Vietnam.
Reception Camps
Philippines
Guam
Temporary Housing on U.S. Military Bases
*Refugees opposed by the majority of Americans

16. Syrian Civil War
Sunni Vs Shia Muslims Sunni Muslims (Sunnis) – believe that the successor to Muhamad, the prophet, could be any pious individual (85-90% of Muslims) Shia Muslims (Shiites) – believe that the successor to Muhamad, the prophet, had to be in the bloodline of Muhamad (10-15% of Muslims)
(85-90%)

17. Ruanda: Hutu Vs Tutsi
Two tribal groups with different subsistence styles
Hutu are farmers
Tutsi are herders
Two socioeconomic classes
Hutus are have more resources, more power and control the government
Tutsi do not have as many resources, have less power and are ruled by the Hutu government

18. The Solomon Islands

19. Solomon Islands, Micronesia
Scientists used aerial and satellite images dating back to of 33 islands, as well as traditional knowledge and radiocarbon dating of trees to document the loss of land in this island chain.
Five tiny islands have disappeared due to rising seas and erosion
 Six other islands had large swaths of land washed into the sea and on two of those, entire villages were destroyed and people forced to relocate, the researchers found.
Example: Nuatambu island, home to 25 families, has lost 11 houses and half its inhabitable area since 2011, the research said.

20. Poverty
Economic refugees from Eastern European Balkan countries: Kosovo, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
In the first six months of the year, 40 percent of all asylum applications in Germany came from the Balkans.
 63,000 applications came from Kosovo and Albania alone in a six month period, constituting 40% of all asylum seekers
99 percent of those applying for asylum from the Balkans are rejected.
These individuals are not considered refugees, but rather immigrants.