1. GALLIPOLI April- December 1915
Turkey was allied with Germany and controlled the Dardanelles
and access to the Black Sea.
Supplies could not reach Russia through the Mediterranean Sea.
What should the Allies do?

2. Winston Churchill – First Lord of the Admiralty – had an ambitious plan to land
troops on the Gallipoli Peninsula to:
Destroy the forts and mines blocking the Dardenelles strait
Attack Constantinople & defeat Turkey
Threaten Austria
Isolate Germany

3. The operation was a total failure
British & French naval bombardment in February 1915
not immediately followed by a landing
Turks strengthened their positions
April 1915Allies decided to land an army on the
enemy beaches anyway
Anzacs were landed without any training or up-to-date maps
Turks mowed down Anzac forces with machine-gun fire
Allies fail to advance and dig trenches
Another stalemate like the western front
Allied casualties:
total losses 213,980 out of 480,OOO
44,000 dead
losses from disease 145,154
Dysentry, frostbite, diarrhoea, fever
Turkish losses 87,000 dead

4. Sulva Bay

6. 1915 -WAR AT SEA
Dreadnaught

7. German U-Boat

8. In May 1915, a U-Boat sunk the British passenger ship Lusitania
123 Americans were killed
What impact did this have on US public opinion about the war?
US President Woodrow Wilson warns Germany to respect ‘freedon of the seas’

9. What does the cartoon imply about the US role in the war?
British ships carrying US weapons flew the neutral US flag
to avoid being targeted by German Uboats

10. US war loans to the Allies, 1914-1918 Great Britain $4.3 billion
How Neutral was the US?
US war loans to the Allies,
Great Britain $4.3 billion
France $2.8 billion
Italy $1.5 billion
Russia $341 million
+weapons,food & supplies

11. The US entered the war in April 1917 after the Germans
resumed ‘unrestricted submarine warfare’

12. April 1917 Wilson’s War message to Congress:
End to US neutrality
Stirred anti-German sentiment – fear of spies and propaganda campaign
Mexico was asked by German Ambassador (Jan 1917 Zimmermann telegram)
to form an alliance against the US
‘World must be made safe for democracy’
January 1918 Fourteen Points Speech
Statement of US war aims
Included:
End to secret alliances
National self-determination for all peoples
Free trade & freedom of the seas

13. US not formally allied with Britain & France- an Associated Power
American Expeditionary Force
14,000 arrived in June 1917 and 1 million by May 1918
Front line action began in October 1917
320,000 casualties – 110,000 dead
General Pershing
Insisted that US units not be
detached to allied command
George M. Cohan
‘Over There’