1. Key Concept 5.1
“The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.”
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Big Idea Questions:
What were the social, economic and political impacts of Manifest Destiny and westward expansion?
What were reasons for, and goals of the nativist movement that emerged during this time?

2. Extra Credit and End of Semester:
Extra Credit: Bring a classroom supply from the list below to earn 25 Homework points of extra credit
Kleenex, colored pencils, markers, lined paper
You may submit late work from Unit 4 until the day of Final Exams
This work is still subject to the 50% penalty
Please do not submit older items, they won’t be graded

3. Key Concept 5.1, I
“Popular enthusiasm for U.S. expansion, bolstered by economic and security interests, resulted in the acquisition of new territories, substantial migration westward, and new overseas initiatives.”
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A) Reasons for westward migration:
Access to natural and mineral resources
California Gold Rush (1840s)
Comstock Lode - silver, settlements built around resources
Economic opportunities:
“Safety-valve” theory - idea that one could always pack up and move out west and make $
Religious refuge:
Mormons, led by Brigham Young, moved west to Utah

4. Key Concept 5.1, I B) Reasons for Manifest Destiny:
Spread US institutions and beliefs
Economic motives - access to land
C) Ways the US gained land:
Mexican-American War:
US defeated Mexico, gained the Mexican Cession
Negotiations:
Gadsden Purchase
Oregon Territory
HAVE YOU WATCHED THE JIMMY FALLON VIDEO?!?
This land acquisition led to debates over:
Slavery - Wilmot Proviso - sought to ban slavery in Mexican Cession; Free Soil Party - non extension of slavery
Status of Natives and Mexicans - how would they be incorporated?
Mexicans were given a choice to become US citizens or move to other parts of Mexico

5. Key Concept 5.1, I D) US government encouraged westward expansion
Homestead Act (1862):
Provided 160 acres of land with the promise to live on and improve the land for 5 years
Government provided subsidies to RRs
E) US sought initiatives with Asia:
Matthew Perry and the “opening” of Japan (1850s)
Clipper ships allowed for increased and faster trade with China (tea)
Missionaries were established in China to spread Christianity

6. Turn and Talk: What are subsidies?
What are some modern and historical examples of government subsidies you can think of?

7. Key Concept 5.1, II
“In the 1840s and 1850s, Americans continued to debate questions about rights and citizenship for various groups of US inhabitants.”
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A) Immigration from Europe and Asia
European Immigrants:
Irish - settled in cities in the Northeast, mostly Catholic
Germans - settled on the “frontier” - Midwest - as farmers
Many immigrant children attended parochial schools
Asian Immigrants:
Chinese immigrants settled on the West Coast in the 1850s
Worked in gold mines, factories, and farming
Later, the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) forbid Chinese immigration
Both immigrants settled in ethnic communities and preserved their own cultures

8. Key Concept 5.1, II B) Emergence of NATIVISM: Anti-Catholic
Sought to limit immigrants’ political power
Know-Nothing Party - anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic, sought to limit the power and influence of immigrants
C) Conflicts with Mexican Americans and Natives:
Sand Creek Massacre (1864)
CO militia attacked Cheyenne Indians, killed over 100, mostly women and children
Little Big Horn (Custer’s Last Stand) - Natives attacked and killed Custer and his men
US sought to assimilate many Natives with the expectation they would adopt white ways

9. Turn and Talk for Review:
What is Nativism?
Why might some people see nativism as negative for American society?
Why might some people see nativism as a positive for American society?

10. Test Tips Multiple-Choice and Short Answer:
Reasons for Manifest Destiny
Impacts of Mexican-American War on slavery
Ways the US encouraged westward expansion
Nativism - causes and examples
Essays:
How westward expansion led to tensions over slavery
Comparing experiences of immigrants with other time period

11. MCQ Practice
The major opposition to the Mexican War was based on the belief that:
A- Thoreau’s ideas about non-violence were correct
B- It would expand slavery
C- The nation could not pay for a war
D- The British would intervene

12. MCQ Practice
President Polk was motivated to reject the treaty with Mexico because:
A- Many Southerners wanted the US to get larger gains in territory
B- Many Whigs opposed the treaty and were willing to continue the war
C- The US was in a dispute with Great Britain over the Canadian border
D- The treaty called for the US to give up the Upper California and New Mexico territories