1. Ocean Resources and Ocean Pollution
19 minutes Ocean’s Hidden World
Ocean Resources and Ocean Pollution
Chapter 13
Sections 4 & 5
Video on Ocean Resources

2. Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Resources
Renewable: fish, seaweed, tidal and wave energy
Nonrenewable: oil, natural gas, minerals

3. Living Resources
There are three major types of living resources found in the oceans.
Fishing
Farming
Seaweed (kelp)

4. Fishing in the Ocean
75 million tons of fish are taken from the ocean every year.
Now, people are concerned that we are taking too many fish out of the ocean.
This is also a danger to dolphins and turtles.

5. Farming the Ocean
Because the rules on fishing have been tightened, people have started to farm fish.
People raise the fish in a farm that has several ponds.
When the fish are old enough, they are harvested.
Other marine animals that are harvested are: shrimp, oysters, crabs, and mussels.

7. Savory Seaweed
Seaweed is a type of fast growing (33 cm/day) alga that is harvested from the ocean.
It is used to thicken jelly and ice cream.

8. Nonliving Resources There are several types of nonliving resources.
Oil
Natural gas
Salt
Minerals
Tidal energy

9. Oil and Natural Gas
Oil and natural gas are nonrenewable resources (used before they can be replaced).
Engineers must drill through hard rocks to reach these resources.
In the water, ships send seismic waves to the bottom of the ocean. These waves help the workers to find spots where oil could be located.

10. Fresh Water and Desalination
In some areas, water is limited, so workers desalinate the ocean water.
Desalination— a process of removing salt from ocean water
After the salt is removed, the water is collected and cleaned for people to use.
The most common type of desalination is completed through cycles of evaporation and condensation.

11. Sea-Floor Minerals
Many companies are interested in the minerals that are found at the bottom of the ocean.
Manganese, iron, copper, nickel, cobalt
These pieces of metal can be used to create steel.
Some scientists think that 15% of the ocean floor is covered in these minerals.
Nonrenewable resource

12. Tidal Energy Moving water creates energy.
Tidal energy is a renewable resource that is created from the movement of the tides.
Renewable resource— a resource that can be replaced after being used
For tidal energy to be used, the area must have a coastline with shallow, narrow channels.

13. Nonpoint-Source Pollution
Most of the pollution on Earth is non-point pollution.
Non-point source pollution— pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site
Oil leaking from cars, jet skis and boats, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer

14. Point-Source Pollution
Point-source pollution— pollution that comes from a specific site
Types of point-source pollution
Trash dumping
Sludge dumping
Oil spills

15. Trash Dumping and its Effects
In the 1980s, the Environmental Protection Agency started to investigate where all of the trash in the oceans was coming from.
It was discovered that 3 million tons of medical waste was put into the ocean every year. (bandages, vials of blood, needles)
Because of the investigation, the medical waste is now buried in landfills.
Dumping trash can effect many different types of organisms that live in the ocean or depend on the ocean for food.

17. Sludge (Sewage) Dumping
By 1990, over 38 trillion liters of sludge was found in the water near the coast of the United States.
After the raw sewage reaches a treatment plant, the sewage is cleaned and the solid waste is separated. This is sludge.
Even though people try to dump sludge several kilometers off the coast, the currents and waves bring it back towards the land.

19. Oil Spills and Their Effects
Billions of barrels of oil are transported on tankers across the ocean.
Prince William Sound (1989)—the Exxon Valdez struck a reef and spilled over 260,000 barrels of oil near the Alaskan shoreline.
The amount of oil spilled here equals 125 olympic-sized swimming pools.
Over $2 million was spent on the cleanup effort.
Some oil can still be found on the beaches today.
While the Exxon Valdez accident was horrible, it was less than 1/3 of the oil that was spilled after the Torrey Canyon spill in 1967.
While oil spills are horrible, they only cover 5% of the oil pollution in the oceans. Most of it is caused by non-point source pollution in the cities.

21. Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico The 2010 oil spill cost BP 40 billion dollars! They are still paying out money to people and businesses .

26. Preventing Oil Spills
Many companies are using new technology to help prevent oil spills.
Double-hulled tankers— the inner hull helps the oil from going into the ocean if the outer hull is damaged
Hair— The idea to use human hair to soak up oil was patented by Phil McCrory, a hairdresser from Huntsville, Alabama.

27. Saving Our Ocean Resources
Over time, people have realized that our oceans are important.
1972— Congress passed the Clean Water Act that lets the Environmental Protection Agency charge a fine for the dumping of trash into the ocean.
1973—U. S. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act was passed that prohibits the dumping of materials that could affect human health.
Early 1980s—the U. S. citizens started the Adopt-a-Beach program that has regular beach cleanups
1989— 64 countries passed a treaty to prohibit the dumping of certain metals, plastics, oil, and radioactive wastes into the ocean.
The U. S. spends over $130 million each year to protect our oceans.