1. 20th Century Latin America

2. Quick Review- Let’s Talk It Out!
Latin America
Quick Review- Let’s Talk It Out!

3. MExico

4. Mexican Revolution, 1910 Porfirio Díaz = dictator from 1876-1910
“Liberty, Order, Progress”
Foreign investors and a small group of
wealthy, well connected business men flourished.
Peasants repressed by military
Revolution broke out in 1910.
Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata = peasant leaders. Worked to redistribute land.
This group became too radical for the middle class and lost the support of wealthier Mexicans in the cities.

5. Pancho Villa
Zapata

6. Constitutionalists
Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata worked to redistribute land (countryside) was too radical for the middle class and wealthier Mexicans (cities).
Middle class supported the Constitutionalists
Constitutionalists worked to suppress the peasant revolt
Constitution of 1917 = agrarian reforms, universal suffrage, labor protections, & public schools (to take power from the Catholic Church)

7. After the Revolution Lázaro Cárdenas elected president
One party rule- Mexican Revolutionary Party
Redistributed land to peasants
Nationalized industries
Took over foreign-owned
oil companies
Actually obeys the constitution!

8. Argentina & Brazil

9. Argentina & Brazil Rule by large land owners. Rising middle class.
Both focused on farm products for export
Industry owned by outsiders (especially British)
In the 1910’s & 1920’s Britain had to sell these industries to the representative home gov’t’s.
Why?
Rising middle class.

10. Argentina & Brazil - Dictators
Great Depression caused dictatorships to develop.
Getulio Vargas in Brazil ( )
Wrote a constitution
Fascist leader (but Allies with US during WWII)
Import Substitution Industrialization
Becomes Supreme Leader
Juan Perón in Argentina ( )
Inspired by Nazi’s- conquest of South America!
Militaristic
At close of WWII this plan was not working!
Wife, Eva (Evita) helped to heal husband’s image
Focus on social issues and industry
Evita died in husband would be overthrown

12. Brazil Juscelino Kubitschek
Brazil’s president following Vargas.
Known for political and economic achievements
Guarantor of democracy
Built Brasilia – New Capital
One of the most respected leaders of Brazil
My (FORMER) sister-in-law, Jusceleia, is named after him! (long story…)

13. cuba

14. Cuba: Communism US-backed dictator in power: Batista.
Economy run by the USA.
Overthrown by Communist
Revolutionary Fidel Castro.
Ernesto Che Guevara- Castro’s chief lieutenant and main communist theorist in Latin America!
Redistributed wealth. Kicked out US business. Sought $ & support from USSR.
Cuban Missile Crisis.
For developing nations Cuba = a successful challenge to the USA up until recently
Normalization of relations

15. Modern day

16. Not updated!!! No more dictatorships, except in Cuba
"This may be among the last times I address this room, but the ideas of Cuba's communists will remain as proof that on this planet if one works with fervor and dignity, you can produce the material and cultural things that human beings need."
Not updated!!!
No more dictatorships, except in Cuba
Fidel Castro still alive
Brother Raúl in power since February 2008
A developing country
Mexico
President Enrique Peña Nieto
One of the largest economies in the world
Considered an emerging power
Mexican Drug War  (2006- present) -ongoing armed conflict among rival drug cartels fighting one another for regional control and against the Mexican government forces and civilian vigilante groups.

17. CCOT: Mexico
Analyze the changes and continuities within the political and economic systems of Mexico from the period 1820-present.

18. Extra Sunda stuff below

22. Conservative Reaction: Chile
The powerful in Latin Am. feared Cuba’s example. Brazil clamped down on dissidents.
Chile’s elected leader in 1970 = Allende. Big social reformer.
Ousted by conservative Pinochet dictator, helped by USA & CIA.
Violent repression of dissent. HARSH dictatorship, no personal rights.

23. Conservative Reaction: Argentina
Dictatorship took over in Argentina to repress social reformers.
Dirty Wars – 1970s. Thousands died in repression when the military seized power.

24. Nicaragua Dictator Samoza ruled in 1970s.
Overthrown by Sandinistas (with Communist leanings & support)
Iran-Contra Affair. The USA sold weapons to Iran & funneled profits to “Contras” who fought against Sandinistas.
HUGE amount of violence & weapons influx into Central America.