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Classical complement pathway activation in the nasal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Griet A. Van Roey, PhD, Christopher C. Vanison, MD, Jeffanie Wu, Julia H. Huang, MSc, Lydia A. Suh, BSc, Roderick G. Carter, BSc, James E. Norton, MSc, Stephanie Shintani-Smith, MD, David B. Conley, MD, Kevin C. Welch, MD, Anju T. Peters, MD, Leslie C. Grammer, MD, Kathleen E. Harris, BSc, Kathryn E. Hulse, PhD, Atsushi Kato, PhD, Whitney W. Stevens, MD, PhD, Robert C. Kern, MD, Robert P. Schleimer, PhD, Bruce K. Tan, MD, MSc Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 140, Issue 1, Pages e2 (July 2017) DOI: /j.jaci Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 1 The complement activation pathway. The 3 major pathways of complement activation, classical, lectin, and alternative, all lead to formation of C3 convertases, which lead to generation of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and formation of the lytic membrane attack complex (C5b-9). We evaluated the complement activation neoepitopes highlighted by the boxes. Anaphylatoxin C5a was also evaluated. Dotted arrows indicate enzymatic processes. MASP, MBL-associated serine protease; MBL, mannose-binding lectin.14 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 2 Levels of complement activation products C5b-9, C4d, and C1rs-C1inh were increased in NPs compared with UT. Tissue homogenates were tested by means of ELISA, and levels were normalized to total protein for C5b-9 (A), C4d (B), and C1rs-C1inh (C). Data represent means ± SEMs. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, and ****P < .0001, Kruskal-Wallis test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 3 Complement components C5b-9 and C4d are deposited linearly along the basement membrane of the nasal epithelium. OCT-embedded tissue sections were stained for C5b-9 in red (A, C, E, and F), C4d in green (B, D, and E), and laminin in green (F and G). Representative image of NP tissue. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 4 Percentage of nasal epithelium lined with complement. Stitched whole-tissue section images were analyzed for positive subepithelial C5b-9 staining with ImageJ software and represented as a percentage of the length of epithelium visualized. Data represent means ± SEMs. *P < .05 and ***P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 5 Correlations between complement-fixing antibody isotypes and C1rs-C1inh activation product of the classical pathway in NP tissue. A, Correlation between IgM and C1rs-C1inh levels. B, Correlation between IgG3 and C1rs-C1inh levels. C, Correlation between IgG1 and C1rs-C1inh levels. D, Correlation between IgG2 and C1rs-C1inh levels. E, Correlation between IgG4 and C1rs-C1inh levels. F, Correlation between total immunoglobulin and C1rs-C1inh levels. The Spearman coefficient was used for analysis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 6 C5a levels in sinonasal tissue and correlations with complement activation products. A, Levels of C5a. B, Correlation between C1rs-C1inh and C5a levels. C, Correlation between C4d and C5a levels. D, Correlation between C5b-9 and C5a levels. E, Correlations between activated C1, C4d, C5b-9, and C5a with ECP and anti-dsDNA IgG levels. The Spearman coefficient was used for analysis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 7 Increased levels of anti–basement membrane antibodies in NP tissue. Antibodies were purified from NP tissue homogenates and compared with antibodies purified from serum from the same patients with CRSwNP and control subjects. Total extracted antibody (5 μg/mL) were tested on an anti-Matrigel ELISA. Data represent means ± SEMs. ****P < .0001, Kruskal-Wallis test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E1 Complement component C5b-9, C4d, and C1rs-C1inh levels in sinonasal tissue correlated moderately but significantly. Correlation between C4d and C1rs-C1inh levels (A); correlation between C4d and C5b-9 levels (B); and correlation between C1rs-inh and C5b-9 levels measured in sinonasal tissue homogenates (C). Correlations were assessed by using the nonparametric Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e2DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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