1. African Independence Leaders

2. European Powers and Colonies WWI – Colonies support mother country
WWII – Colonies support mother country
Increased nationalism leads to the rise of nationalists – Independence leaders

3. Kenya - Jomo Kenyatta Independence gained from Great Britain in 1962
Fertile Highlands were an attractive feature of Kenya
Europeans banned all Africans from owning land
Kenyatta lived in Great Britain and nationalism swept through his homeland and he led the independence movement

4. Kenyatta (continued) Kenyatta President of Kenya in 1947
1950’s British colonists were attacked by the
Mau Mau (who sought to unite ethnic peoples)
British respond by jailing thousands including Kenyatta
1956- British crush the rebellion
1963- Britain granted the Kenyan’s its independence, Kenyatta held office from
Free market and hot tourist and international business

5. Kwame Nkrumah
Returned to Gold Coast & organized a new political party: Convention People’s Party.
1957 elected president
Changed the name of his country from Gold coast to ______.
Educated in the US he was influenced by the civil rights movement.
Ghana

6. Tanzania - Nyerere 1962-1985-President of Tanzania
Mission was to achieve self-government with no racial or ethnic divisions
Socialist: 1970 he forced people onto collective farms= famine - made them dependent on foreign food aid
First African head of state to retire voluntarily
Since independence, the population has more than doubled & the gov’t struggles to meet their needs.

7. Types of Resistance Violence = violence Non-violent methods:
African nations achieve independence in a variety of ways.
Types of Resistance
Violence = violence
Non-violent methods:
Negotiations/ Compromise
Protests/non-compliance
Marches/walkout
Strike/work stoppage

8. Most African nations become independent between

9. Cooperation
Pan-Africanism: concept that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified; European colonial rule of Africa could be ended if Africans united economically & politically.
Organization of African Unity (1963): Promotes the global relations within the UN replaced by African Union (2002)
Crash course “Decolonization & Nationalism Triumphant”