1. Section 1 Ms. Garratt American History
The Cold War Begins
Section 1
Ms. Garratt
American History

2. Uneasy Alliance Soviets resented the US for several reasons
Allies tried to undermine Russ Rev in 1917
US didn’t recognize USSR until 1933
Allies refusal to open 2nd front against Hitler until June 1944
Soviets feared capitalist nations were trying to destroy it
Soviets felt the need to have “friendly” govs in Eastern Europe

3. US Distrust of Soviets Communism called for worldwide revolution
Comintern since 1920s
Brest-Litovsk Treaty 1918
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
Soviet purges & collectivization

4. Soviet View of Postwar World
Soviets lost 20 m people & suffered massive destruction during WWII
Soviets wanted to protect themselves from another invasion
Wanted weakened, unarmed Germany
Wanted to surround USSR with “pro-Soviet” (e.g. Communist) governments
Historically

5. US View of Postwar World
Wanted democratic, free world open to business expansion
Free-trade for American products
Belief that US had mission such as Manifest Destiny to lead the way

7. Yalta Conference 1945

8. Yalta Conference 1945 Meeting of Big Three (FDR, Churchill, Stalin)
Brit wanted to save its empire
Stalin & Britain wanted spheres of influence
US wanted Soviets to join in war against Japan which Soviets agreed to do
Stalin pledged support for UN
Stalin wanted spheres of influence in Asia
Disagreed about Germany-Stalin wanted $20 billion
US & Brit knew Germany could not pay and they would end up financing Germany so that it could pay Stalin

9. Yalta Conference & Eastern Europe
Stalin wanted recognition of Soviet power in Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, Austria, Hungary & Czechoslovakia
Ironic because war began over freedom of Poland
Reluctantly agreed to Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe bc US desperately wanted Soviet help against Japan

10. Yalta 1945

11. Formation of the United Nations
Main purpose was to “maintain international peace and security

12. Formation of the United Nations
By Oct 1945 UN charter was approved
General Assembly in which all nations had one vote
Any majority vote could be vetoed by any one of the 5-member Security Council

13. Potsdam Conference 1945

14. Potsdam Conference 1945

15. Potsdam Conference 1st meeting of Truman & Stalin
Truman learned of successful test of atomic bomb while at Potdam
Reached agreement on Germany
Germ would be disarmed & industry dismantled
Divided Germ into zones

16. Containment Policy US policy to prevent the expansion of Communism
Will lead to military aid (e.g. Truman Doctrine 1947)
And economic aid (Marshall Plan
Brain child of George Kennan

18. US View of Soviet Intentions

19. Truman Doctrine 1947

20. Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine was a way to implement containment policy
Military aid to free people who were ”resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure”
Provided $400 m in immediate aid to Greek & Turkey
The Cold War was now if full swing due to 2 conflicting world views & ideology

21. What is this cartoon saying?

26. The Marshall Plan 1947

27. Marshall Plan

33. The Marshall Plan. Generosity or enlightened self-interest? You Decide.

34. For revisionist view of the Marshall Plan see Web site below

41. Checkpoint Charlie became a symbol of the Cold War