1. El Modo Subjuntivo

2. What is the subjunctive?
The subjunctive is a mood that is widely used in Spanish, but is rarely used in English*
It is used in conjunction with impersonal expressions and expressions of emotion, opinion, desire or viewpoint
It applies to most hypothetical situations, likely or unlikely, desired or not
It is also used in phrases expressing the past conditional
The negative of the imperative shares the same form with the present subjunctive
* The subjunctive is described as a ‘mood’ rather than a tense because it reflects how the reader feels about the action, rather than referring to when the action takes place.

3. Indicative VS Subjunctive
The indicative mood is a more widely used mood, used in sentences where certainty is expressed. For example:
He speaks Spanish
Habla español
The subjunctive mood is used when there is uncertainty expressed in a sentence. For example:
It’s possible that he speaks Spanish
Es posible que hable español
It’s important that he speaks Spanish
Es importante que hable español

4. When to use
Common introductions to the subjunctive would include the following:
que... or de que: “..that.."
e.g. It’s important that John goes – es importante que John vaya
Si...: "If..."
e.g. if you were - si estuvieras
Donde: "Where..."
e.g. anywhere - donde sea
Cuando: "When..."
e.g. when I go - cuando vaya
Aunque: "Despite/although/even if...”
e.g. even if he plays – aunque juege
Ojalá... "I hope.../If only..."
e.g. I hope it rains - ojalá que llueva

5. Present Subjunctive
For most verbs the present subjunctive is found by:
Taking the yo form of the present indicative
Dropping the –o ending
Then adding the correct ending:
-ar verbs:
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
-er and –ir verbs:
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

6. Present Subjunctive Regular –ar verbs like hablar: hablo – o = habl
habl + e = hable habl + es = hables habl + e = hable habl + emos = hablemos habl + éis = habléis habl + en = hablen
Regular –er verbs like comer:
como - o = com com + a = coma com + as = comas com + a = coma com + amos = comamos com + áis = comáis com + an = coman
Regular –ir verbs like vivir:
vivo - o = viv viv + a = viva viv + as = vivas viv + a = viva viv + amos = vivamos viv + áis = viváis viv + an = vivan

7. Present Subjunctive Irregulars:
Dar (to give), estar (to be), haber (to have), ir (to go), saber (to know) and ser (to be) are all irregular in the present subjunctive:
Person
Dar
Estar
Haber Ir
Saber
Ser yo dé
esté
haya
vaya
sepa
sea tú
des
estés
hayas
vayas
sepas
seas
él/ella/usted
nosotros/-as
demos
estemos
hayamos
vayamos
sepamos
seamos
vosotros/-as
deis
estéis
hayáis
vayáis
sepáis
seáis
ellos/ellas/ ustedes
den
estén
hayan
vayan
sepan
sean

8. Present Subjunctive Examples: When I go to university
Cuando vaya a la universidad
I’m sorry you’re bored
Siento que estés aburrido
It’s advisable that you wear a coat today
Es aconsejable que vistes un abrigo hoy

9. Imperfect Subjunctive
For most verbs the imperfect subjunctive is found by:
Taking the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the preterite indicative
Dropping the –ron ending
Then adding the correct ending:
-ar, -er and -ir verbs:
-ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -rais, -ran OR
-se, -ses, se, semos, seis, sen
The first option of endings is used widely in speech in Spain, Latin America, and South America. The second option is used more in written language in Spain.

10. Imperfect Subjunctive
Regular –ar verbs like hablar:
hablaron – ron = habla
habla + ra = hablara habla + ras = hablaras habla + ra = hablara habla + ramos = hablaramos habla + rais = hablarais habla + ran = hablaran
Regular –er verbs like comer:
comieron – ron = comie comie + ra = comiera comie + ras = comieras comie + ra = comiera comie + ramos = comieramos comie + rais = comierais comie + ran = comieran
Regular –ir verbs like vivir:
vivieron – ron = vivie vivie + ra = viviera vivie + ras = vivieras vivie + ra = viviera vivie + ramos = vivieramos vivie + rais = vivierais vivie + ran = vivieran
All verbs that are irregular in the 3rd person preterite maintain the same irregularity in the imperfect subjunctive (e.g. tener).

11. Imperfect Subjunctive
Examples:
If only the subjunctive mood was simpler
Ojalá que el modo subjuntivo fuera más simple
If it were possible
Si fuera posible
I wanted you to come to the party
Quise que vinieras a la fiesta

12. Future Subjunctive
The future subjunctive is rarely used in Modern Spain so you are unlikely to come across or use it.
For most verbs the future subjunctive is found by:
Taking the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the preterite indicative
Dropping the –ron ending
Then adding the correct ending:
-ar, -er and -ir verbs:
-re, -res, -re, -remos, -reis, -ren

13. Future Subjunctive
Regular –ar verbs like hablar:
hablaron – ron = habla
habla + re = hablare habla + res = hablares habla + re = hablare habla + remos = hablaremos habla + reis = hablareis habla + ren = hablaren
Regular –er verbs like comer:
comieron – ron = comie comie + re = comiere comie + res = comieres comie + re = comiere comie + remos = comieremos comie + reis = comiereis comie + ren = comieren
Regular –ir verbs like vivir:
vivieron - ron = vivie vivie + re = viviere vivie + res = vivieres vivie + re = viviere vivie + remos = vivieremos vivie + reis = viviereis vivie + ren = vivieren
All verbs that are irregular in the 3rd person preterite maintain the same irregularity in the future subjunctive (e.g. tener).

14. Snazzy Subjunctive Sayings!
Cuando + Futurity (present subjunctive)
When I am X years old
Cuando tenga X años
When I turn X years old
Cuando cumpla X años
When I am older
Cuando sea mayor
If I could... I would, If I were... I would (imperfect subjunctive)
If I were rich, I would...
Si fuera rico(a), + conditional verb
If I were successful, I would...
Si tuviera éxito, + conditional verb
If I won the lottery, I would...
Si ganara la loteria, + conditional verb
If I had more time/money, I would...
Si tuviera más tiempo/dinero, + conditional verb
If I did more work in class, I would...
Si hiciera más trabajo en clase, + conditional verb

15. Snazzy Subjunctive Sayings!
Using only the verbs deber, querer, or poder, you can use the imperfect subjunctive to make a very polite suggestion or formal request:
I would like two weeks of holiday
Quisiera dos semanas de vacación.
Could you help us?
¿Pudiera ayudarnos?