1. Religions/ Belief Systems

2. Islam - Origins
Developed on the Arabian Peninsula in the year 622 CE, and quickly spread to other regions.
Monotheistic
Founder is Mohammad (prophet)

3. Five Pillars of Faith First Pillar The Declaration of Faith
“There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God.”
God is Allah
Monotheistic

4. Second Pillar Daily Prayer
Muslims face the holy city of Mecca to pray 5 times a day
Muslims worship in mosques

5. A Holy Mosque

6. Giving charity to the poor
Third Pillar
Giving charity to the poor

7. Fourth Pillar
Fasting from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Akeem Olijawan – NBA basketball star
Kareem Abdul-Jabar – NBA
Mohammad Ali - boxer

8. Fifth Pillar Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
Muslims in the US (NYC) charter planes to complete this
Muslims are trampled

9. The Quran (Koran) Islamic holy text
Retains the sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad

10. More Hajj Pics

12. Islam-Impact today?
Islamic Fundamentalists – show opposition to westernization
Dominant throughout the Middle East, including Southwest Asia and North Africa
Fastest growing religion

13. Judaism Oldest monotheistic religion
Founder-Abraham is generally recognized as the founder of Judaism due to his covenant with God. However, Moses is also considered a founder due to his role in the liberation of the Hebrews from Egypt.

14. Geographic Origin-Developed in the Middle East in and around the area that is currently Israel.
Currently Practiced-Worldwide, but the greatest majority of  Jews reside in Israel, the United States, and the former Soviet Union.
Sacred text – Torah (Old Testament)

15. Judaism - Teachings
God made a covenant with Abraham to be the god of the Hebrews
God chose the Hebrews as his people
Moral standards and justice
One true god is present everywhere
Strongly influenced Christianity and Islam

16. Impact? Constant persecution
Romans expelled Jews from Palestine in 135 AD
Diaspora – scattering of Jews
Holocaust

17. Christianity
Christianity is currently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world.
Monotheistic religion

18. Origins/Founder
Founder-Jesus of Nazareth and his disciples who helped spread his teachings.
Geographic Origin-Developed in Judea (now Israel), located in the Middle East bordering the Mediterranean Sea sometime around the year 30 CE.

19. Currently Practiced-Christianity is the dominant religion in North America, South America, Europe, and Russia.
Significant Writings-The Holy Bible, consisting of both the Old Testament and the New Testament.

20. Christianity – beliefs/teachings
Place of worship – church
Many different sects of Christianity
Catholicism
Protestant
Lutheranism
Baptist
Episcopalian
Presbyterian

21. Christianity - teachings
Faith in one god
Achieve salvation and eternal life
Jesus was the son of God and the Messiah
Bible includes the Old and New Testament
Mercy, sympathy for poor

22. Impact?
After persecution, Theodosius made it the official religion of the Roman Empire
Holds western Europe together during the M.A. and becomes very powerful
Crusades – 1050, holy wars,
Christian goal is to win back the holy land from Muslims
“One of history’s most successful failures.”
Protestant reformation
Luther
95 Theses
Printing press

23. Hinduism
Established- Elements of the Hindu religion can be traced back to the ancient Indus River Valley civilization (approximately 3000 BCE) in modern-day Pakistan.
Founder- no specific founder
Geographic Origin-Developed on the Indian subcontinent.
The soul never dies, it is just reborn.

24. Polytheistic – belief in many gods
In Hinduism, salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness of the soul, atman, with the ultimate reality of the universe, Brahman.
To achieve this goal, the soul must obtain moksha, the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.
As a result of these basic teachings, Hindus believe in reincarnation, which is influenced by karma (material actions resulting from the consequences of previous actions), and dharma (fulfilling one's duty in life).

25. Ahimsa – non-violence
Support the caste system

26. Impact Caste system today? Non-violence
Gandhi
Salt March, civil disobedience
Rejects the caste system; everyone should be equal
Ganges River – horribly polluted, yet sacred to Hindus

27. Buddhism
Founder-Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, which means "enlightened one."
Geographic Origin-Developed in India.

28. Currently Practiced-Most common in Southeast Asia and Japan
Significant Writings-Tripitka, or Three Baskets of Wisdom.
Places of Worship-Buddhism may be practiced individually, but temples and monasteries do exist.
Significant Religious People-The Dalai Lama

29. Four Noble Truths Life is full of pain and suffering.
Human desire causes this suffering.
By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering.
Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path.

30. Eightfold Path Right conduct Right intentions Right mindfuless
Right speech
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right meditation

31. Ultimate Goal
Nirvana – union with the universe and release from the cycle of death and rebirth
Karma
Darma
Reincarnation
Monks and nuns

32. Confucianism Founder - Confucius China 551 BC
The Analects – a collection of Confucian ideas and teachings

33. Five Relationships Older brother to younger brother Ruler to subject
Husband to wife
Father to son
Friend to friend

34. Other ideas Filial piety – respect for your elders
People are naturally good
Education is the road to advancement
Maintaining social order
Ethical behavior

35. Taoism (Daoism) Founder is Laozi China 500’s BC
Teach people to live in harmony with nature
People should contemplate the Tao, or the way

36. The best government is the one that governs the least
Yin and Yang - balance

37. Animism Africa Traditional values Story telling - griot
Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit.
Ancestor worship

38. Shintoism Japan 500 BCE Respect for nature “Ring of fire”
Everything has a spirit or kami