1. Bellringer: What are biogeochemical cyles p74
Learning Target: We are learning about cylces of matter
Success Criteria: I can explain how matter moves among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem

2. Matter is RECYCLED within or between ecosystems
3.3 CYCLES OF MATTER
Matter is RECYCLED within or between ecosystems
Why is it Recycled?
Biological systems do not use up matter they transform it.

3. I. Biogeochemical Cycles
The paths (cycles) where Elements, compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
Bio:
Geo:
Chemical:
Did you ever wonder if the oxygen molecules that we breathe may have been inhaled by the dinosaurs?
Life
Earth (biosphere)
-elements or compounds

4. Water Cycle
WATER CYCLE: Water in streams/rivers/lakes/oceans (all bodies of water) is heated by the sun’s energy
EVAPORATION: and it evaporates into water vapor (gas) and rises into the air
TRANSPIRATION: other water vapor comes from trees/plants and also rises into the air
CONDENSATION: as the water vapor rises into cooler air temperatures, the water will condense around microscopic dust particles and form water droplets. The water droplets will gather together in large groups of different forms and sizes to create clouds
PRECIPITATION: when these water droplets in clouds get heavy, they fall as rain/snow/hail/sleet – they precipitate - precipitation! o The water that lands on the ground will either collect into
RUNOFF (streams, rivers) and travel toward lakes / oceans…. OR the fallen water will seep into the ground to add to the ground water or soaked into the roots of plants o And the CYCLE continues back to
EVAPORATION from bodies of water or TRANSPIRATION from plants……AND ON AND ON………

7. II. CARBON (C) Decomposing organisms put carbon in the ground –
Carbon is the building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things.
Decomposing organisms put carbon in the ground –
Which over time turn into Fossil Fuels (coal, petroleum)
Carbon is also found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.
From Volcanoes, Respiration (Breathing), Burning Fossil Fuels

8. Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
D. How autotrophs and heterotrophs affect the Carbon cycle:
Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
Most autotrophs
Takes in CO2
Gives off O2
Process that makes food/carbohydrates from Carbon and water using energy from sun.
Plants and animals
Takes in O2
Gives off CO2
Process that changes food (made by autotrophs or consumed by heterotrophs) into energy.

9. Volcanic activity erosion uplift Fossil fuel photosynthesis feeding
respiration
erosion
respiration
decomposition
Human activity
uplift
deposition
photosynthesis
feeding
Fossil fuel
deposition

11. Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube

13. Why is nitrogen necessary?
III. NITROGEN (N)
Chemical element that is found in ALL living things and makes up 78% of the atmosphere
Why is nitrogen necessary?
Makes up amino acids which are the building blocks of protein.
Makes part of DNA.
Heterotrophs get nitrogen from their food
Autotrophs get nitrogen from soil/water.

14. C. Forms of Nitrogen Free Nitrogen = Nitrogen gas=N2
free nitrogen CANNOT be used by most organisms.
Harmless to most organisms
Fixed Nitrogen = Nitrogen containing compounds
fixed nitrogen is USED by organisms
Forms of fixed Nitrogen
nitrites (NO3- )
nitrates (NO2-)
ammonia (NH3)

15. D. Nitrogen Fixation
The process of changing free nitrogen gas-N2, into usable forms of Nitrogen.
Some organisms ‘Fix’ the N2 gas for us so that our cells can use it:
Nitrogen fixating bacteria live on nodules found on roots of legumes.
Examples of Legumes: beans, peas, alfalfa, peanuts, clover
2. Lightning also fixes nitrogen in the atmosphere.

17. E. Denitrification
Process of changing fixed Nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen gas (N2)
Denitrifying bacteria(decomposers) break down Nitrogen compounds in dead organic matter and put N2 into atmosphere.
Lightning also fixes nitrogen in the atmosphere.

19. Nitrogen Cycle ,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube

20. IV. Phosphorus (P) Cycle
Phosphorus is in DNA and RNA
Comes from rocks & fertilizers
Not Common in Biosphere
Does NOT enter Atmosphere

21. 2. Moves through the
FOOD CHAIN
Back into ground
once an organism
decomposes

22. V. Limiting Nutrient
When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly
Farmers often add fertilizer containing 3 important nutrients; N, P and Potassium (K), because of possible limits in the availability of each in the soil.

23. C. Examples of Limiting Nutrients:
Nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient in some ocean communities because it contains only % of the N that is available on land.
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in some streams, lakes and freshwater.