1. Part 1: Sectional Differences
Causes of the Civil War
Part 1: Sectional Differences

2. Sectional Differences
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was the importance of the key issues that led to the Civil War?

3.
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4. Causes of the Civil War
Slavery: The legal system of treating people as property and forcing them to work without pay.
North wanted it abolished.
South supported it because their economy was based on cash-crop plantation farming
Tariffs (import taxes): Southerners resented tariffs which raised import prices; the South imported more than the North
Northerners wanted high tariffs because they were self-sufficient and did not import as much
Southerners depended on European countries buying their cotton, etc.

5. States’ Rights
States’ rights: Belief that the state’s interests take precedence (priority) over interests of the national government
Northern states believed that all states should abide by federal laws
Southern states believed that states had right to govern themselves

6. The Missouri Compromise
11 states allowed slavery and 11 states did not
What does this mean for Congress?
Approved in 1820; Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered the Union as a free state
slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30' latitude line (the southern border of Missouri), and included Louisiana Territory lands west of Missouri
It was supposed to keep the balance of power in Congress equal, but it only temporarily solved the problem.

7. Missouri Compromise Map

8. Nullification crisis
The Nullification Crisis was created when the state of South Carolina attempted to nullify a federal law passed by the United States Congress.
President Andrew Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832 which made some reductions in tariff rates. The reductions were too little for South Carolina, and in November 1832 a South Carolina state convention declared that the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable in South Carolina after February 1, 1833.

9. Nullification crisis
South Carolina made military preparations to resist anticipated Federal enforcement. They also threatened to secede.
Congress passed a Force Bill, authorizing the President to use military force against South Carolina, and a new tariff satisfactory to South Carolina.
The South Carolina convention reconvened and repealed its Nullification Ordinance on March 11, 1833.

10. Other differences in the North and South
Economy: Northern based on mining, industry, banks, stores, and railroads; Southern based on agriculture, including cotton, rice, and indigo
Class Structure: North generally based on wealth and the ability to move up; South based on wealth and being “born into the right family”

11. The Compromise of 1850
By 1850 there were 15 free states and 15 slave states.
California would enter Union as a free state
The District of Columbia would no longer trade slaves, but slave owners there could keep their slaves
Runaway slaves would be returned to their owners in slave states (Fugitive Slave Act)
Utah and New Mexico territories could decide if they wanted to allow slaves or not

12. Compromise of 1850

13. Georgia Platform
This document (platform) was adopted at a state convention in December 1850.
The platform formally approved the Compromise of 1850
It declares loyalty to the Union because compromise has always been necessary in the U.S. since its beginning. BUT
It insists that rights of citizens in slave states must by upheld.
Also, the U.S. must not keep slave territories from becoming states
Requires that the Fugitive Slave Act be enforced
It seems to suggest that if the above items are not followed, then Georgia has a right to leave the Union (secede).

14. Kansas-Nebraska Act

15. Map

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act

17. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska (not states yet)
These territories had right of popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty: When a territory asked for statehood, the residents could vote on whether to become a free state or a slave state.
Thousands of slave-owners and abolitionists rushed to Kansas to settle and be able to vote slave or free.
Freesoilers in those territories fought against Abolitionists and proslavery supporters
Because the fighting over the Kansas territory became so violent, it was known as “Bleeding Kansas”. over 200 people were killed in the dispute
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18. http://player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm
Watch the film, and take notes on the “Causes of the Civil War (film)” page in your notebook.

19. The Dred Scott Decision
Supreme Court ruling in 1857
A slave (Dred Scott) filed a lawsuit after he lived in free states with his owner but was returned to slave state
The Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not file lawsuits.
The Court also ruled that Congress could not stop slavery in the territories.
How will this decision further separate the North and South?
The North was furious
The South considered it a victory.

20. Republican Party is born
1854-a number of Free Soilers, anti-slavery Democrats, and Whigs (these were political parties) united to form the Republican Party.
Platform of the Republican Party
Restrict slavery in new states and territories (They did not promise to outlaw slavery where it already existed.)
Support high tariffs to benefit U.S. industry
Election of Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president elected

21. Lincoln is elected and Georgians “freak out”!
Secede- to withdraw voluntarily from a nation
Governor Joseph Brown calls a session of the General Assembly to determine whether a convention should be held to decide the question of secession.
Alexander Stephens gave a strong argument against secession
His speech was loudly interrupted many times by Robert Toombs and Thomas Cobb.
Others applauded the speech.

22. The Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Louisiana
Alabama
Georgia
Texas
President of the CSA (Confederacy)
Alexander Stephens became VP

23. Fort Sumter
After South Carolina seceded from the Union, they ordered the federal troops (Union) to leave Fort Sumter (located in South Carolina).
The troops refused, so the South Carolina militia attacked the fort—1st shots fired in the civil war
The Union troops surrendered.

24. http://upload. wikimedia