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GENE TRANSFER AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

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Presentation on theme: "GENE TRANSFER AND GENETIC ENGINEERING"— Presentation transcript:

1 GENE TRANSFER AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 8

2 Gene transfer Vertical DNA transfer to progeny
Eukaryotes - Sexual reproduction Prokaryotes - Mutation Lateral (horizontal) Donation of DNA across the same generation

3 Transformation - History
Griffith (1920s) Killed versus un-killed strains “Transforming principle”

4 Transformation Mechanism Naked DNA uptake Significance
Recombinant genotypes are created

5 Transduction Mechanism
Viral particles carry bacterial DNA from one cell to another Significance Recombinant bacteria with new genetic makeup are created

6 Conjugation Mechanism
F plasmid directs pilus formation between bacteria Duplicated plasmid passes to second cell Significance Gene transmission between bacterial cells Common method of antibiotic resistance transfer

7 Plasmid Types F plasmid Pilus formation genes Resistance plasmids
Heavy metals Antibiotics Bacteriocin plasmids

8 Plasmid Types Virulence plasmids C. tetani neurotoxin Salmonella
Tumor-inducing plasmids Plasmid genes are transferred from bacterium to plant tissue Plant cell tumors make nutrients for bacterial use Plasmid encodes plant hormones Plasmids conferring novel catabolism Gasoline degradation Nitrogen-containing compounds

9 Protoplast Fusion Cell wall removal with genome fusions Nocardia
Cephalomycin antibiotic

10 Recombinant DNA Technology
Gene cloning Restriction Endonucleases DNA Ligase Selection systems

11 Recombinant DNA Applications
Medical Humulin Growth hormone Industrial Amylase for S. cerevisiae Agricultural N2 fixation in non-legumes Potatoes with insect resistance

12 Hybridomas Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) Diagnostics Therapeutics

13 Safety Issues Safeguards and findings ELSI Environmental Nutritional
“Emotionalism” ?? ASM statement Concerns Limited knowledge Bioterrorism

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